वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-18, verse-18

तदेतत् कारणं पश्य यदर्थं त्वं मया हतः ।
भ्रातुर्वर्तसि भार्यायां त्यक्त्वा धर्मं सनातनम् ॥१८॥

18. tadetat kāraṇaṃ paśya yadarthaṃ tvaṃ mayā hataḥ ,
bhrāturvartasi bhāryāyāṃ tyaktvā dharmaṃ sanātanam.

18. tat etat kāraṇam paśya yat artham tvam mayā hataḥ
bhrātuḥ vartasi bhāryāyām tyaktvā dharmam sanātanam

18. tat etat kāraṇam paśya yat artham tvam mayā hataḥ (yataḥ
tvam) sanātanam dharmam tyaktvā bhrātuḥ bhāryāyām vartasi

18. Behold this reason for which you were slain by me: you have abandoned the eternal natural law (dharma) and are engaging with your brother's wife.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (reason) (that, therefore)

• एतत् (etat) - this (specific reason) (this)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - the specific justification or cause (reason, cause, motive)

• पश्य (paśya) - observe or understand (this reason) (see! behold! observe!)

• यत् (yat) - for which (reason) (which, that)

• अर्थम् (artham) - for the purpose (of which), on account (of which) (purpose, meaning, object, sake)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• मया (mayā) - by me

• हतः (hataḥ) - slain in battle or by my hand (killed, slain, struck, destroyed)

• भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of your (my) brother (of the brother)

• वर्तसि (vartasi) - you engage in improper conduct or relations (you act, you are, you behave, you exist)

• भार्यायाम् (bhāryāyām) - towards your brother's wife (in the wife, towards the wife)

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having disregarded and cast aside (having abandoned, having forsaken, having given up)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the righteous conduct or moral law (natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution)

• सनातनम् (sanātanam) - the timeless and unchanging moral law (eternal, ancient, everlasting)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (reason) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

एतत् (etat) - this (specific reason) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - the specific justification or cause (reason, cause, motive)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

Derived from √kṛ (to do) with suffix '-ana'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'paśya'

पश्य (paśya) - observe or understand (this reason) (see! behold! observe!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

1st conjugation verb (class 4 root, but forms 1st conj. present), 2nd person singular, imperative active

Root: dṛś (class 1)

यत् (yat) - for which (reason) (which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, who

Relative pronoun

Note: Used in the phrase 'yat artham' (for which purpose)

अर्थम् (artham) - for the purpose (of which), on account (of which) (purpose, meaning, object, sake)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth, sake

Note: Used in the phrase 'yat artham' (for which purpose)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you

Second person singular pronoun

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I

First person singular pronoun

Note: Agent in passive construction 'mayā hataḥ'

हतः (hataḥ) - slain in battle or by my hand (killed, slain, struck, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, destroyed, injured

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'tvam' (you were killed)

भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of your (my) brother (of the brother)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Possessive, refers to 'bhāryāyām'

वर्तसि (vartasi) - you engage in improper conduct or relations (you act, you are, you behave, you exist)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vṛt

1st conjugation verb, 2nd person singular, present active

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used with 'bhāryāyām' implying 'engaging with' or 'having relations with'

भार्यायाम् (bhāryāyām) - towards your brother's wife (in the wife, towards the wife)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, she who is to be supported

Gerundive

Derived from √bhṛ (to bear, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Indicates the object of the action 'vartasi' in a broad sense, signifying involvement or relationship

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having disregarded and cast aside (having abandoned, having forsaken, having given up)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form from √tyaj (to abandon)

Root: tyaj (class 1)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the righteous conduct or moral law (natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, virtue

Derived from √dhṛ (to support, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'

सनातनम् (sanātanam) - the timeless and unchanging moral law (eternal, ancient, everlasting)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, perpetual, ancient, everlasting

Note: Modifies 'dharmam'