वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-18, verse-14

यवीयानात्मनः पुत्रः शिष्यश्चापि गुणोदितः ।
पुत्रवत्ते त्रयश्चिन्त्या धर्मश्चेदत्र कारणम् ॥१४॥

14. yavīyānātmanaḥ putraḥ śiṣyaścāpi guṇoditaḥ ,
putravatte trayaścintyā dharmaścedatra kāraṇam.

14. yavīyān ātmanaḥ putraḥ śiṣyaḥ ca api guṇa uditaḥ
putravat te trayaḥ cintyāḥ dharmaḥ cet atra kāraṇam

14. yavīyān ātmanaḥ putraḥ guṇa uditaḥ śiṣyaḥ ca api te
trayaḥ putravat cintyāḥ cet atra dharmaḥ kāraṇam

14. The younger brother, one's own son, and a disciple endowed with good qualities—these three should be regarded as equivalent to a son, if adherence to natural law (dharma) is the guiding principle in this matter.

Words meanings summery:

• यवीयान् (yavīyān) - younger, youngest

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, one's own

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - disciple, student

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• गुण उदितः (guṇa uditaḥ) - endowed with good qualities, arisen from good qualities

• पुत्रवत् (putravat) - like a son, as a son

• ते (te) - these, those

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• चिन्त्याः (cintyāḥ) - to be thought, to be considered

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - adherence to natural law (dharma) as a principle (natural law, righteousness)

• चेत् (cet) - if

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause, motive

Words meanings and morphology

यवीयान् (yavīyān) - younger, youngest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuvā

yuvā - young

Comparative form of yuvan (young)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, one's own

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual soul, oneself

Note: Possessive, 'one's own'.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - disciple, student

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, student, pupil

Gerundive

From root śās (to teach, instruct)

Root: śās (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `śiṣyaḥ` to the previous items.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Adds emphasis or inclusion.

गुण उदितः (guṇa uditaḥ) - endowed with good qualities, arisen from good qualities

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇodita

guṇodita - endowed with qualities, arisen from qualities

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guṇa+udita)

• guṇa – quality, virtue, good quality
  noun (masculine)
• udita – risen, appeared, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root i (to go) with prefix ud (up, out) or from root vad (to speak)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: ī/ud (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `śiṣyaḥ`.

पुत्रवत् (putravat) - like a son, as a son

(indeclinable)

Derived from putra with suffix -vat (like)

Note: Adverbial usage.

ते (te) - these, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the three mentioned categories.

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

Note: Refers to the three mentioned categories.

चिन्त्याः (cintyāḥ) - to be thought, to be considered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of cintya

cintya - to be thought, to be considered, to be reflected upon

Gerundive (future passive participle)

From root cit (to perceive, think) with suffix -ya (passive sense) or -tya

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Agrees with `te trayaḥ`.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - adherence to natural law (dharma) as a principle (natural law, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order

Note: Subject of the conditional clause.

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

Note: Conditional particle.

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative adverb.

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause, motive

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument

From root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate noun for `dharmaḥ`.