वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-18, verse-30

राजभिर्धृतदण्डास्तु कृत्वा पापानि मानवाः ।
निर्मलाः स्वर्गमायान्ति सन्तः सुकृतिनो यथा ॥३०॥

30. rājabhirdhṛtadaṇḍāstu kṛtvā pāpāni mānavāḥ ,
nirmalāḥ svargamāyānti santaḥ sukṛtino yathā.

30. rājabhiḥ dhṛtadaṇḍāḥ tu kṛtvā pāpāni mānavāḥ |
nirmalāḥ svargaṃ āyānti santaḥ sukṛtinaḥ yathā

30. tu mānavāḥ pāpāni kṛtvā rājabhiḥ dhṛtadaṇḍāḥ
nirmalāḥ santaḥ sukṛtinaḥ yathā svargaṃ āyānti

30. Indeed, human beings who have committed sins and received punishment from rulers become pure and attain heaven, just as virtuous and righteous individuals do.

Words meanings summery:

• राजभिः (rājabhiḥ) - by rulers (by kings, by rulers)

• धृतदण्डाः (dhṛtadaṇḍāḥ) - those who have received punishment (those on whom punishment has been inflicted, those who have received punishment)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having committed (having done, after doing)

• पापानि (pāpāni) - sins (sins, evil deeds)

• मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - human beings (humans, human beings)

• निर्मलाः (nirmalāḥ) - pure (pure, spotless, free from defilement)

• स्वर्गं (svargaṁ) - heaven (heaven, celestial world)

• आयान्ति (āyānti) - they attain (they go, they attain, they come)

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - righteous individuals (righteous people, good people, existing ones)

• सुकृतिनः (sukṛtinaḥ) - virtuous individuals (virtuous people, doers of good deeds)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in the manner that)

Words meanings and morphology

राजभिः (rājabhiḥ) - by rulers (by kings, by rulers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Agent of dhṛtadaṇḍāḥ

धृतदण्डाः (dhṛtadaṇḍāḥ) - those who have received punishment (those on whom punishment has been inflicted, those who have received punishment)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhṛtadaṇḍa

dhṛtadaṇḍa - one on whom punishment has been inflicted, punished

Compound formed from dhṛta (held, inflicted) and daṇḍa (punishment)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+daṇḍa)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained, inflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold, bear)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• daṇḍa – stick, staff, punishment, chastisement
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agreement with mānavāḥ

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having committed (having done, after doing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पापानि (pāpāni) - sins (sins, evil deeds)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of pāpa

pāpa - evil, wicked, bad; sin, vice, evil deed

मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - human beings (humans, human beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human, pertaining to Manu, offspring of Manu

Derived from manu (man)

निर्मलाः (nirmalāḥ) - pure (pure, spotless, free from defilement)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirmala

nirmala - spotless, pure, clean, stainless, free from defilement

Compound from nir- (without) + mala (dirt, impurity)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (nis+mala)

• nis – out, without, free from
  indeclinable
  Prefix/preposition
• mala – dirt, impurity, defilement, sin
  noun (masculine)

स्वर्गं (svargaṁ) - heaven (heaven, celestial world)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, celestial world, abode of the gods

From svar (heaven) + ga (going)

आयान्ति (āyānti) - they attain (they go, they attain, they come)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ā-yā

Present

Root yā with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Verb for mānavāḥ

सन्तः (santaḥ) - righteous individuals (righteous people, good people, existing ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sant

sant - existing, being, good, virtuous, righteous person

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Comparison with mānavāḥ

सुकृतिनः (sukṛtinaḥ) - virtuous individuals (virtuous people, doers of good deeds)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sukṛtin

sukṛtin - virtuous, meritorious, doer of good deeds

Compound from su- (good) + kṛtin (doer)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+kṛtin)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• kṛtin – skilled, clever, accomplished, doer
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Comparison with mānavāḥ

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in the manner that)

(indeclinable)

Relative adverb