वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-18, verse-36

यान्ति राजर्षयश्चात्र मृगयां धर्मकोविदाः ।
तस्मात्त्वं निहतो युद्धे मया बाणेन वानर ।
अयुध्यन्प्रतियुध्यन् वा यस्माच्छाखामृगो ह्यसि ॥३६॥

36. yānti rājarṣayaścātra mṛgayāṃ dharmakovidāḥ ,
tasmāttvaṃ nihato yuddhe mayā bāṇena vānara ,
ayudhyanpratiyudhyan vā yasmācchākhāmṛgo hyasi.

36. yānti rājarṣayaḥ ca atra mṛgayām
dharmakovīdāḥ tasmāt tvam nihataḥ yuddhe
mayā bāṇena vānara ayudhyan
pratiyudhyan vā yasmāt śākhāmṛgaḥ hi asi

36. atra dharmakovīdāḥ rājarṣayaḥ mṛgayām yānti tasmāt vānara,
tvam mayā bāṇena yuddhe nihataḥ yasmāt hi tvam ayudhyan vā pratiyudhyan śākhāmṛgaḥ asi

36. Here, royal sages who are knowledgeable in natural law (dharma) go hunting. Therefore, O monkey, you have been struck down in battle by my arrow, because you are a tree-dwelling animal (śākhāmṛga), whether you were fighting or not fighting.

Words meanings summery:

• यान्ति (yānti) - they go (hunting) (they go, they proceed)

• राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal sages (royal sages, king-sages)

• च (ca) - even, also (and, also)

• अत्र (atra) - here (here, in this matter)

• मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - hunting (hunting, chase)

• धर्मकोवीदाः (dharmakovīdāḥ) - knowledgeable in natural law (dharma) (knowledgeable in dharma, experts in law)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, thence, from that)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Vali) (you)

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - struck down (killed, struck down, slain)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• मया (mayā) - by me (Rama) (by me)

• बाणेन (bāṇena) - by my arrow (by an arrow)

• वानर (vānara) - O monkey (vocative for Vali) (O monkey, monkey-man)

• अयुध्यन् (ayudhyan) - not fighting (not fighting, without fighting)

• प्रतियुध्यन् (pratiyudhyan) - fighting (back) (fighting back, retaliating)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either... or)

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because (because, from which, since)

• शाखामृगः (śākhāmṛgaḥ) - tree-dwelling animal (monkey) (branch-animal, monkey)

• हि (hi) - because (emphatic) (indeed, for, because)

• असि (asi) - you are

Words meanings and morphology

यान्ति (yānti) - they go (hunting) (they go, they proceed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present Active Indicative

3rd person plural, active voice. From root yā, class 2.

Root: yā (class 2)

राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal sages (royal sages, king-sages)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - a royal sage, a king who has become a sage

Compound of rājan (king) and ṛṣi (sage).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - even, also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अत्र (atra) - here (here, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place.

मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - hunting (hunting, chase)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mṛgayā

mṛgayā - hunting, chase, sport

From root mṛg (to hunt).

Root: mṛg (class 1)

धर्मकोवीदाः (dharmakovīdāḥ) - knowledgeable in natural law (dharma) (knowledgeable in dharma, experts in law)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmakovīda

dharmakovīda - expert in dharma, skilled in religious or moral law

Compound of dharma (natural law) and kovīda (skilled, expert).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dharma+kovīda)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• kovīda – skilled, expert, proficient
  adjective (masculine)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

Ablative of tad (that), used as an adverb.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Vali) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

yuṣmad - you

2nd person singular pronoun.

निहतः (nihataḥ) - struck down (killed, struck down, slain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, slain, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni (down, into).

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war, combat

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From root yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

मया (mayā) - by me (Rama) (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

1st person singular pronoun.

बाणेन (bāṇena) - by my arrow (by an arrow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

वानर (vānara) - O monkey (vocative for Vali) (O monkey, monkey-man)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape, belonging to forest/vanara tribe

Derived from vana (forest).

अयुध्यन् (ayudhyan) - not fighting (not fighting, without fighting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ayudhyat

ayudhyat - not fighting, abstaining from battle

Present Active Participle (negative)

Compound of 'a' (negation) + yudhyat (present active participle of yudh).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yudhyat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• yudhyat – fighting, combating
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root yudh (to fight), class 4.
  Root: yudh (class 4)

प्रतियुध्यन् (pratiyudhyan) - fighting (back) (fighting back, retaliating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratiyudhyat

pratiyudhyat - fighting against, resisting, retaliating

Present Active Participle

Derived from root yudh (to fight) with prefix prati (against, back).

Prefix: prati

Root: yudh (class 4)

वा (vā) - or (or, either... or)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because (because, from which, since)

(indeclinable)

Ablative of yad (which), used as an adverb/conjunction.

शाखामृगः (śākhāmṛgaḥ) - tree-dwelling animal (monkey) (branch-animal, monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śākhāmṛga

śākhāmṛga - a monkey (lit. 'branch animal')

Compound of śākhā (branch) and mṛga (animal).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śākhā+mṛga)

• śākhā – branch, tree-branch
  noun (feminine)
• mṛga – animal, beast, deer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛg (class 1)

हि (hi) - because (emphatic) (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle, emphasizing or explanatory.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active Indicative

2nd person singular, active voice. From root as, class 2.

Root: as (class 2)