वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-18, verse-1

इत्युक्तः प्रश्रितं वाक्यं धर्मार्थसहितं हितम् ।
परुषं वालिना रामो निहतेन विचेतसा ॥१॥

1. ityuktaḥ praśritaṃ vākyaṃ dharmārthasahitaṃ hitam ,
paruṣaṃ vālinā rāmo nihatena vicetasā.

1. iti uktaḥ praśritam vākyam dharmārthasahitam
hitam paruṣam vālinā rāmaḥ nihatena vicetasā

1. iti rāmaḥ uktaḥ vālinā nihatena vicetasā
praśritam dharmārthasahitam hitam paruṣam vākyam

1. Thus, Rama was addressed by Vāli, who, though struck down and bewildered, uttered a speech that was humble and beneficial, grounded in the principles of natural law (dharma) and purpose, yet simultaneously harsh.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken to, addressed, said

• प्रश्रितम् (praśritam) - humble, modest, polite

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, word, statement

• धर्मार्थसहितम् (dharmārthasahitam) - accompanied by (containing) natural law (dharma) and purpose

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, salutary, wholesome

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

• वालिना (vālinā) - by Vāli

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• निहतेन (nihatena) - by the slain, by the struck down

• विचेतसा (vicetasā) - by the bewildered, by the confused in mind

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken to, addressed, said

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, addressed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रश्रितम् (praśritam) - humble, modest, polite

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of praśrita

praśrita - humble, modest, polite, resorted to, dependent on

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śri' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: śri (class 1)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, word, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, sentence, statement, word

धर्मार्थसहितम् (dharmārthasahitam) - accompanied by (containing) natural law (dharma) and purpose

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmārthasahita

dharmārthasahita - accompanied by 'dharma' and 'artha', containing principles of natural law and purpose

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+artha+sahita)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object, goal
  noun (masculine)
• sahita – accompanied, joined with, connected with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhā' with prefix 'sam' (or from 'sah' to endure, but here more likely 'sam-dhā').
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, salutary, wholesome

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, advantageous, good, placed, fixed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dhā' (to place) or 'hi' (to send). In this context, 'beneficial' derived from 'dhā'.

Root: dhā (class 3)

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe, unkind

वालिना (vālinā) - by Vāli

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vālin

vālin - Vāli (name of a monkey king), having a tail

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name), pleasing, black

निहतेन (nihatena) - by the slain, by the struck down

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, struck down, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

विचेतसा (vicetasā) - by the bewildered, by the confused in mind

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vicetas

vicetas - bewildered, confused, senseless, out of mind

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+cetas)

• vi – apart, away, without, dis-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating separation or negation.
• cetas – mind, intellect, consciousness
  noun (neuter)