वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-18, verse-7

तां पालयति धर्मात्मा भरतः सत्यवागृजुः ।
धर्मकामार्थतत्त्वज्ञो निग्रहानुग्रहे रतः ॥७॥

7. tāṃ pālayati dharmātmā bharataḥ satyavāgṛjuḥ ,
dharmakāmārthatattvajño nigrahānugrahe rataḥ.

7. tām pālayati dharmātmā bharataḥ satyavāk ṛjuḥ
dharmakāmārthatattvajñaḥ nigraha-anugrahe rataḥ

7. dharmātmā satyavāk ṛjuḥ bharataḥ dharmakāmārthatattvajñaḥ
nigraha-anugrahe rataḥ tām pālayati

7. Bharata, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is righteousness, and who is truthful and straightforward, governs the land. He understands the essence of natural law (dharma), desire, and prosperity, and judiciously applies both punishment and favor.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - the kingdom/earth (implied) (her, it, that)

• पालयति (pālayati) - rules, governs (protects, guards, rules, maintains)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - whose intrinsic nature is righteousness (one whose soul is dharma, righteous-souled, virtuous)

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

• सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truth-speaking, truthful

• ऋजुः (ṛjuḥ) - straight, honest, straightforward, upright

• धर्मकामार्थतत्त्वज्ञः (dharmakāmārthatattvajñaḥ) - understands the principles of natural law (dharma), desire, and prosperity (knowing the essence of dharma, kāma, and artha)

• निग्रह-अनुग्रहे (nigraha-anugrahe) - judiciously applies both punishment and favor (in punishment and favor, in restraint and grace)

• रतः (rataḥ) - takes delight in, engaged in (delighting in, engaged in, devoted to)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - the kingdom/earth (implied) (her, it, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

पालयति (pālayati) - rules, governs (protects, guards, rules, maintains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of pālaya

causative of pā

From root √pā (to protect) + causative suffix -aya.

Root: √pā (class 1)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - whose intrinsic nature is righteousness (one whose soul is dharma, righteous-souled, virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous-souled, virtuous, having a righteous self

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support).
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of a king or clan), one who carries/maintains

From root √bhṛ (to bear, carry, maintain).

Root: √bhṛ (class 3)

सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truth-speaking, truthful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavāc

satyavāc - speaking truth, truthful

Compound of satya (truth) and vāc (speech).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (satya+vāc)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
  From sat (being, existing).
• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
  From root √vac (to speak).
  Root: √vac (class 2)

ऋजुः (ṛjuḥ) - straight, honest, straightforward, upright

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛju

ṛju - straight, honest, upright, simple

धर्मकामार्थतत्त्वज्ञः (dharmakāmārthatattvajñaḥ) - understands the principles of natural law (dharma), desire, and prosperity (knowing the essence of dharma, kāma, and artha)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmakāmārthatattvajña

dharmakāmārthatattvajña - expert in the truth/essence of dharma, kāma, and artha

Complex compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+kāma+artha+tattva+jña)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support).
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)
• kāma – desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure (one of the puruṣārthas)
  noun (masculine)
  From root √kam (to desire).
  Root: √kam (class 1)
• artha – wealth, prosperity, purpose, meaning, aim (one of the puruṣārthas)
  noun (masculine)
  From root √ṛ (to go, move, gain).
  Root: √ṛ (class 1)
• tattva – truth, reality, essence, principle
  noun (neuter)
  From tad (that) + tva (suffix for abstract noun).
• jña – knowing, knower, expert
  adjective
  agent noun
  From root √jñā (to know).
  Root: √jñā (class 9)

निग्रह-अनुग्रहे (nigraha-anugrahe) - judiciously applies both punishment and favor (in punishment and favor, in restraint and grace)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, dual of nigraha-anugraha

nigraha-anugraha - punishment and favor, restraint and grace

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (nigraha+anugraha)

• nigraha – punishment, restraint, suppression
  noun (masculine)
  From ni- + √grah (to seize).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: √grah (class 9)
• anugraha – favor, grace, kindness, assistance
  noun (masculine)
  From anu- + √grah (to seize, favor).
  Prefix: anu
  Root: √grah (class 9)

Note: External sandhi nigrahānugrahe is undone to nigraha-anugrahe to show the constituent words.

रतः (rataḥ) - takes delight in, engaged in (delighting in, engaged in, devoted to)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - delighted, engaged, attached, pleased

Past Passive Participle

From root √ram (to delight, enjoy).

Root: √ram (class 1)