वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-18, verse-32

अन्यैरपि कृतं पापं प्रमत्तैर्वसुधाधिपैः ।
प्रायश्चित्तं च कुर्वन्ति तेन तच्छाम्यते रजः ॥३२॥

32. anyairapi kṛtaṃ pāpaṃ pramattairvasudhādhipaiḥ ,
prāyaścittaṃ ca kurvanti tena tacchāmyate rajaḥ.

32. anyaiḥ api kṛtam pāpam pramattaiḥ vasudhādhipaiḥ
prāyaścittam ca kurvanti tena tat śāmyate rajaḥ

32. pramattaiḥ vasudhādhipaiḥ anyaiḥ api pāpam kṛtam
ca te prāyaścittam kurvanti tena tat rajaḥ śāmyate

32. Sins are also committed by other careless kings. They perform expiation, and by that, that impurity (rajas) subsides.

Words meanings summery:

• अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by other (kings) (by others, by different ones)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - committed (done, made, performed, accomplished)

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin (sin, evil, wickedness, bad deed)

• प्रमत्तैः (pramattaiḥ) - by careless (kings) (by the careless, by the negligent, by the intoxicated)

• वसुधाधिपैः (vasudhādhipaiḥ) - by kings (by rulers of the earth, by kings)

• प्रायश्चित्तम् (prāyaścittam) - expiation (for sins) (expiation, penance, atonement)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they perform (they do, they perform, they make)

• तेन (tena) - by that (expiation), thereby (by that, by him, by it, therefore)

• तत् (tat) - that (impurity) (that, this, it)

• शाम्यते (śāmyate) - subsides, is appeased (is calmed, subsides, is appeased, is extinguished)

• रजः (rajaḥ) - impurity, defilement (related to the quality of passion, rajas) (dust, impurity, passion, menstrual discharge, a quality (guṇa))

Words meanings and morphology

अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by other (kings) (by others, by different ones)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, different, another

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'kṛtam'.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - committed (done, made, performed, accomplished)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, accomplished, acted

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate of 'pāpam'.

पापम् (pāpam) - sin (sin, evil, wickedness, bad deed)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wickedness, vice, bad deed

Note: Subject of 'kṛtam'.

प्रमत्तैः (pramattaiḥ) - by careless (kings) (by the careless, by the negligent, by the intoxicated)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pramatta

pramatta - careless, negligent, intoxicated, insane, heedless

Past Passive Participle

PPP of pra- √mad (to be mad, intoxicated, careless)

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying 'vasudhādhipaiḥ'.

वसुधाधिपैः (vasudhādhipaiḥ) - by kings (by rulers of the earth, by kings)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vasudhādhipa

vasudhādhipa - ruler of the earth, king

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vasudhā+adhipa)

• vasudhā – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi- √pā (to protect, govern)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'kṛtam'.

प्रायश्चित्तम् (prāyaścittam) - expiation (for sins) (expiation, penance, atonement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prāyaścitta

prāyaścitta - expiation, penance, atonement, repentance

Compound of prāyaś (transgression) and citta (purification, intention).

Note: Object of 'kurvanti'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they perform (they do, they perform, they make)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Active Indicative

From √kṛ, 8th class verb.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is implied 'they' (the kings).

तेन (tena) - by that (expiation), thereby (by that, by him, by it, therefore)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it, he, she

Note: Acts as an adverbial 'thereby'.

तत् (tat) - that (impurity) (that, this, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it, he, she

Note: Refers to the 'rajaḥ' caused by sin.

शाम्यते (śāmyate) - subsides, is appeased (is calmed, subsides, is appeased, is extinguished)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, Present (laṭ) of śam

Present Middle Indicative

From √śam, 4th class verb (ātmanepada).

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: The middle voice often carries a passive sense for certain roots.

रजः (rajaḥ) - impurity, defilement (related to the quality of passion, rajas) (dust, impurity, passion, menstrual discharge, a quality (guṇa))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, impurity, pollen, passion, excitement, one of the three guṇas

Note: Subject of 'śāmyate'.