महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-31, verse-8

सलिलान्तर्गतो राजा धुन्वन्हस्तौ पुनः पुनः ।
मनश्चकार युद्धाय राजानं चाभ्यभाषत ॥८॥

8. salilāntargato rājā dhunvanhastau punaḥ punaḥ ,
manaścakāra yuddhāya rājānaṁ cābhyabhāṣata.

8. salilāntargataḥ rājā dhunvan hastau punaḥ punaḥ
manaḥ cakāra yuddhāya rājānam ca abhyabhāṣata

8. राजा सलिलान्तर्गतः पुनः पुनः हस्तौ धुन्वन्
युद्धाय मनः चकार च राजानम् अभ्यभाषत

8. The king, submerged in the water and repeatedly shaking his hands, resolved to fight and then addressed the other king.

Words meanings summery:

• सलिलान्तर्गतः (salilāntargataḥ) - being inside the water, having entered the water

• राजा (rājā) - King Duryodhana (king, ruler)

• धुन्वन् (dhunvan) - shaking, waving

• हस्तौ (hastau) - two hands

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intention, thought

• चकार (cakāra) - he made, he did, he resolved

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for fighting

• राजानम् (rājānam) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (to the king)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he addressed, he spoke to

Words meanings and morphology

सलिलान्तर्गतः (salilāntargataḥ) - being inside the water, having entered the water

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of salilāntargata

salilāntargata - being within the water, submerged in water

Past Passive Participle derivative

Compound (salila + antar + gata)

Compound type : Madhyamapada-Lopī Tatpurusha (salila+antar+gata)

• salila – water
  noun (neuter)
• antar – within, inside
  indeclinable
  Preposition/Adverb
• gata – gone, entered, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam- with suffix -ta
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies rājā

राजा (rājā) - King Duryodhana (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, monarch, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

धुन्वन् (dhunvan) - shaking, waving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhunvat

dhunvat - shaking, causing to tremble, agitated

Present Active Participle

From root dhū- with suffix -at

Root: dhū (class 5)

हस्तौ (hastau) - two hands

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of hasta

hasta - hand, trunk (of an elephant)

Note: Object of dhunvan

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

(indeclinable)

Adverb

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

(indeclinable)

Adverb

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intention, thought

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, intention, spirit

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Object of cakāra; manaś cakāra means 'he made up his mind'

चकार (cakāra) - he made, he did, he resolved

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect Tense

Intensive form of root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for fighting

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From root yudh-

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Purpose for manaś cakāra

राजानम् (rājānam) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (to the king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, monarch, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of abhyabhāṣata

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he addressed, he spoke to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect Tense

Root bhāṣ- with prefix abhi-, Middle voice

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)