महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-31, verse-48

स मेघनिनदो हर्षान्नदन्निव च गोवृषः ।
आजुहाव ततः पार्थान्गदया युधि वीर्यवान् ॥४८॥

48. sa meghaninado harṣānnadanniva ca govṛṣaḥ ,
ājuhāva tataḥ pārthāngadayā yudhi vīryavān.

48. saḥ meghaninadaḥ harṣāt nadan iva ca govṛṣaḥ
ājuhāva tataḥ pārthān gadayā yudhi vīryavān

48. tataḥ saḥ vīryavān meghaninadaḥ harṣāt govṛṣaḥ
iva ca nadan gadayā yudhi pārthān ājuhāva

48. Then, that powerful one, with a thunderous roar and bellowing like a bull out of joy, challenged the Pārthas in battle with his mace.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that hero (Duryodhana) (he, that)

• मेघनिनदः (meghaninadaḥ) - thunderous roar, sound like a cloud

• हर्षात् (harṣāt) - from joy, with delight

• नदन् (nadan) - roaring, sounding

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• च (ca) - and, also

• गोवृषः (govṛṣaḥ) - bull, chief bull

• आजुहाव (ājuhāva) - he challenged (the Pārthas) (he called, challenged, invited)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

• पार्थान् (pārthān) - the sons of Pṛthā, the Pārthas

• गदया (gadayā) - with his mace (by the mace, with the mace)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful, valorous, strong

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that hero (Duryodhana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मेघनिनदः (meghaninadaḥ) - thunderous roar, sound like a cloud

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of meghaninada

meghaninada - thunderous sound, roar like a cloud

Compound type : tatpurusha (megha+ninada)

• megha – cloud
  noun (masculine)
• ninada – roar, cry, sound
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root nad (to roar) with prefix ni-.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Often used metaphorically for a loud, deep sound.

हर्षात् (harṣāt) - from joy, with delight

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, happiness

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

नदन् (nadan) - roaring, sounding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nadat

nadat - roaring, sounding

Present Active Participle

Derived from root nad (to roar) with present participle suffix -at.

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' and 'vīryavān'.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

गोवृषः (govṛṣaḥ) - bull, chief bull

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of govṛṣa

govṛṣa - bull, chief of cows

Compound type : tatpurusha (go+vṛṣa)

• go – cow, cattle, bull
  noun (masculine)
• vṛṣa – bull, male, chief
  noun (masculine)

आजुहाव (ājuhāva) - he challenged (the Pārthas) (he called, challenged, invited)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of hve

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Formed with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

(indeclinable)

पार्थान् (pārthān) - the sons of Pṛthā, the Pārthas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

गदया (gadayā) - with his mace (by the mace, with the mace)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, war, fight

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful, valorous, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - powerful, valorous, heroic

Derived from vīrya (valor, power) with possessive suffix -vat.

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.