महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-31, verse-31

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
उत्तिष्ठोत्तिष्ठ गान्धारे मां योधय सुयोधन ।
एक एकेन संगम्य संयुगे गदया बली ॥३१॥

31. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
uttiṣṭhottiṣṭha gāndhāre māṁ yodhaya suyodhana ,
eka ekena saṁgamya saṁyuge gadayā balī.

31. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca uttiṣṭha uttiṣṭha gāndhāre mām
yodhaya suyodhana eka ekena saṅgamya saṃyuge gadayā balī

31. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca.
gāndhāre suyodhana balī,
uttiṣṭha uttiṣṭha.
ekena ekaḥ gadayā saṃyuge mām yodhaya.

31. Yudhishthira said: "Get up, get up, O son of Gandhari, O Suyodhana! Encounter me one-on-one in battle with a mace, O strong one!"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• उत्तिष्ठ (uttiṣṭha) - get up, stand up

• उत्तिष्ठ (uttiṣṭha) - get up, stand up

• गान्धारे (gāndhāre) - O Duryodhana (O son of Gandhari)

• माम् (mām) - me

• योधय (yodhaya) - fight (me)

• सुयोधन (suyodhana) - O Duryodhana (O Suyodhana (Duryodhana))

• एक (eka) - one (person) (one, single)

• एकेन (ekena) - by one (person) (by one, with one)

• सङ्गम्य (saṅgamya) - having met, having encountered

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

• गदया (gadayā) - with a mace

• बली (balī) - O strong one (referring to Duryodhana) (strong one, powerful one)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steadfast in battle, Yudhishthira (the eldest Pandava)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant, immovable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

Irregular perfect formation from √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

उत्तिष्ठ (uttiṣṭha) - get up, stand up

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ut-sthā

Imperative active

Second person singular imperative from √sthā with upasarga ut.

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

उत्तिष्ठ (uttiṣṭha) - get up, stand up

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ut-sthā

Imperative active

Second person singular imperative from √sthā with upasarga ut.

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

गान्धारे (gāndhāre) - O Duryodhana (O son of Gandhari)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of gāndhāri

gāndhāri - descendant of Gandhara, son of Gandhari

From 'gāndhārī' (mother of Duryodhana) + affix 'i' meaning descendant.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

योधय (yodhaya) - fight (me)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of yudh

Imperative active, causative stem

Causative stem from √yudh, then imperative. Means 'cause to fight', here 'fight (me)'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

सुयोधन (suyodhana) - O Duryodhana (O Suyodhana (Duryodhana))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of suyodhana

suyodhana - easy to fight, a good warrior; proper name for Duryodhana

Formed from 'su-' (good, easy) and 'yodhana' (fighter, fighting).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+yodhana)

• su – good, well, easy, excellent
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior, one who fights
  noun (masculine)
  From √yudh + aṇa suffix.
  Root: yudh (class 4)

एक (eka) - one (person) (one, single)

(numeral)

एकेन (ekena) - by one (person) (by one, with one)

(numeral)

सङ्गम्य (saṅgamya) - having met, having encountered

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Formed with prefix 'sam' and suffix 'ya' (after consonant ending root).

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, war, combat, conflict

From 'sam-' (together) + 'yuga' (yoke, pair), implying joined conflict.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sam+yuga)

• sam – together, with, completely
  indeclinable
• yuga – yoke, pair, age, period
  noun (masculine)
  From √yuj 'to join'.
  Root: yuj (class 7)

गदया (gadayā) - with a mace

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

बली (balī) - O strong one (referring to Duryodhana) (strong one, powerful one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty, endowed with strength

From 'bala' (strength) + suffix '-in'.