महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-31, verse-10

आत्तशस्त्रै रथगतैर्बहुभिः परिवारितः ।
कथमेकः पदातिः सन्नशस्त्रो योद्धुमुत्सहे ॥१०॥

10. āttaśastrai rathagatairbahubhiḥ parivāritaḥ ,
kathamekaḥ padātiḥ sannaśastro yoddhumutsahe.

10. āttaśastraiḥ rathagataiḥ bahubhiḥ parivāritaḥ
katham ekaḥ padātiḥ san aśastraḥ yoddhum utsahe

10. (अहम्) आत्तशस्त्रैः रथगतैः बहुभिः परिवारितः एकः
पदातिः सन् अशस्त्रः (अहम्) योद्धुम् कथम् उत्सहे

10. "How can I, alone, being on foot and unarmed, possibly dare to fight when surrounded by many who are armed and mounted on chariots?"

Words meanings summery:

• आत्तशस्त्रैः (āttaśastraiḥ) - by those who have taken up weapons, with weapons taken

• रथगतैः (rathagataiḥ) - by those who are on chariots, chariot-mounted

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many opponents (Pāṇḍavas) (by many)

• परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone

• पदातिः (padātiḥ) - foot-soldier, pedestrian, on foot

• सन् (san) - being, existing

• अशस्त्रः (aśastraḥ) - weaponless, unarmed

• योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight, for fighting

• उत्सहे (utsahe) - I dare, I am able, I undertake

Words meanings and morphology

आत्तशस्त्रैः (āttaśastraiḥ) - by those who have taken up weapons, with weapons taken

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āttaśastra

āttaśastra - having taken up arms, armed, with weapons drawn

Compound

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (ātta+śastra)

• ātta – taken, seized, received
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ādā- ('ā' + 'dā')
  Prefix: ā
  Root: dā (class 3)
• śastra – weapon, arm, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Agrees with bahubhiḥ and rathagataiḥ

रथगतैः (rathagataiḥ) - by those who are on chariots, chariot-mounted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rathagata

rathagata - gone in a chariot, riding in a chariot

Past Passive Participle derivative

Compound

Compound type : Saptami-Tatpurusha (ratha+gata)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, mounted, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam- with suffix -ta
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with bahubhiḥ and āttaśastraiḥ

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many opponents (Pāṇḍavas) (by many)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Agent of parivāritaḥ

परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivārita

parivārita - surrounded, encompassed, enclosed

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ- 'to cover, choose' with prefix pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone

(numeral)

पदातिः (padātiḥ) - foot-soldier, pedestrian, on foot

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of padāti

padāti - foot-soldier, pedestrian, on foot

सन् (san) - being, existing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, real

Present Active Participle

From root as- 'to be' with suffix -at

Root: as (class 2)

अशस्त्रः (aśastraḥ) - weaponless, unarmed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśastra

aśastra - weaponless, unarmed, without an instrument

Compound

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpurusha (a+śastra)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• śastra – weapon, arm, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject ("I")

योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight, for fighting

(indeclinable)

Infinitival

Formed from root yudh- with suffix -tum

Root: yudh (class 4)

उत्सहे (utsahe) - I dare, I am able, I undertake

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sah

Present Tense

Root sah- with prefix ut-, Middle voice

Prefix: ut

Root: sah (class 1)