महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-31, verse-33

संजय उवाच ।
एतत्स नरशार्दूलो नामृष्यत तवात्मजः ।
सलिलान्तर्गतः श्वभ्रे महानाग इव श्वसन् ॥३३॥

33. saṁjaya uvāca ,
etatsa naraśārdūlo nāmṛṣyata tavātmajaḥ ,
salilāntargataḥ śvabhre mahānāga iva śvasan.

33. saṃjayaḥ uvāca etat saḥ naraśārdūlaḥ na amṛṣyata tava
ātmajaḥ salilāntargataḥ śvabhre mahānāgaḥ iva śvasan

33. saṃjayaḥ uvāca.
tava ātmajaḥ saḥ naraśārdūlaḥ,
salilāntargataḥ śvabhre śvasan mahānāgaḥ iva,
etat na amṛṣyata.

33. Sanjaya said: "Your son, that tiger among men, could not tolerate this, breathing heavily like a great serpent (mahānāga) hidden within a watery pit."

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - Yudhishthira's words (this, that)

• सः (saḥ) - Duryodhana (he, that)

• नरशार्दूलः (naraśārdūlaḥ) - Duryodhana, addressed as a mighty warrior (tiger among men, best of men)

• न (na) - not, no

• अमृष्यत (amṛṣyata) - did not tolerate, did not bear

• तव (tava) - Dhritarashtra's (Sanjaya speaking to Dhritarashtra) (your)

• आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - Duryodhana (son, born from oneself)

• सलिलान्तर्गतः (salilāntargataḥ) - being within the water

• श्वभ्रे (śvabhre) - in the (watery) pit/pool (in a pit, in a hole, in an abyss)

• महानागः (mahānāgaḥ) - great serpent, large snake

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• श्वसन् (śvasan) - hissing, breathing, panting

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - victory, conqueror; Sanjaya (charioteer of Dhritarashtra)

From 'sam-' (together, completely) + √ji (to conquer).

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

Irregular perfect formation from √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - Yudhishthira's words (this, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Nominative/Accusative singular neuter of 'etad'.

सः (saḥ) - Duryodhana (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine of 'tad'.

नरशार्दूलः (naraśārdūlaḥ) - Duryodhana, addressed as a mighty warrior (tiger among men, best of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naraśārdūla

naraśārdūla - tiger among men, best of men, excellent man

Compound of 'nara' (man) and 'śārdūla' (tiger).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śārdūla)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ (class 1)
• śārdūla – tiger, best, eminent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'saḥ' and 'ātmajaḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Particle of negation.

अमृष्यत (amṛṣyata) - did not tolerate, did not bear

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of mṛṣ

Imperfect middle

Third person singular imperfect middle of √mṛṣ (4th class). 'a-' is augment for past tense.

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

तव (tava) - Dhritarashtra's (Sanjaya speaking to Dhritarashtra) (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Genitive singular of 'tvad' (second person pronoun).

आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - Duryodhana (son, born from oneself)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - born from oneself, son; ego (ahaṅkāra), soul (ātman)

Compound of 'ātman' (self) and 'ja' (born).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix from √jan 'to be born'.
  Root: jan (class 4)

सलिलान्तर्गतः (salilāntargataḥ) - being within the water

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of salilāntargata

salilāntargata - gone into water, hidden in water, situated within water

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'salila' (water) + 'antar' (within) + 'gata' (gone).

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (salila+antar+gata)

• salila – water
  noun (neuter)
• antar – within, between, inside
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, arrived at, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √gam 'to go'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

श्वभ्रे (śvabhre) - in the (watery) pit/pool (in a pit, in a hole, in an abyss)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śvabhra

śvabhra - pit, hole, abyss, cavern

महानागः (mahānāgaḥ) - great serpent, large snake

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahānāga

mahānāga - great serpent, large snake, cobra

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'nāga' (serpent).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+nāga)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• nāga – serpent, snake, elephant
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing comparison.

श्वसन् (śvasan) - hissing, breathing, panting

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvas

śvas - to breathe, to hiss, to pant, to sigh

Present active participle

Nominative singular masculine of present active participle from √śvas.

Root: śvas (class 2)