महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-31, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
एवं संतर्ज्यमानस्तु मम पुत्रो महीपतिः ।
प्रकृत्या मन्युमान्वीरः कथमासीत्परंतपः ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
evaṁ saṁtarjyamānastu mama putro mahīpatiḥ ,
prakṛtyā manyumānvīraḥ kathamāsītparaṁtapaḥ.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca evam saṃtarjyamānaḥ tu mama putraḥ
mahīpatiḥ prakṛtyā manyumān vīraḥ katham āsīt paraṃtapaḥ

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca evam tu mama putraḥ mahīpatiḥ
prakṛtyā manyumān vīraḥ paraṃtapaḥ katham āsīt

1. Dhritarashtra said: My son, the king, who by his intrinsic nature (prakṛti) is a wrathful hero and a tormentor of enemies, how did he react when thus being severely threatened?

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra (name of the blind king)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

• संतर्ज्यमानः (saṁtarjyamānaḥ) - being greatly threatened, being severely rebuked

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• मम (mama) - my, mine

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - lord of the earth, king

• प्रकृत्या (prakṛtyā) - by nature, by temperament, by intrinsic nature

• मन्युमान् (manyumān) - wrathful, angry, having anger

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave one, warrior

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra (name of the blind king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, Parasmaipada

From root vac (2nd class), perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

संतर्ज्यमानः (saṁtarjyamānaḥ) - being greatly threatened, being severely rebuked

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃtarjyamāna

saṁtarjyamāna - being threatened, being rebuked, being intimidated

Present Passive Participle

Present passive participle from root tarj- (to threaten) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: tarj (class 10)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

मम (mama) - my, mine

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - lord of the earth, king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king, sovereign

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

प्रकृत्या (prakṛtyā) - by nature, by temperament, by intrinsic nature

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prakṛti

prakṛti - nature, intrinsic nature, original form, primary matter (prakṛti)

Derived from root kṛ- (to do, make) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मन्युमान् (manyumān) - wrathful, angry, having anger

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manyumat

manyumat - having anger, wrathful, furious

Derived from manyu (anger) with the possessive suffix -mat.

वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave one, warrior

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada

From root as (2nd class), imperfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies

Derived from para (enemy) and tapa (scorcher, from root tap- 'to burn'). Agent noun compound.

Compound type : Upapada Tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – scorcher, tormentor (derived from root tap)
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root tap- (to heat, burn, torment).
  Root: tap (class 1)