महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-31, verse-6

संजय उवाच ।
तर्ज्यमानस्तदा राजन्नुदकस्थस्तवात्मजः ।
युधिष्ठिरेण राजेन्द्र भ्रातृभिः सहितेन ह ॥६॥

6. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tarjyamānastadā rājannudakasthastavātmajaḥ ,
yudhiṣṭhireṇa rājendra bhrātṛbhiḥ sahitena ha.

6. saṃjaya uvāca tarjyamānaḥ tadā rājan udakasthaḥ tava
ātmajaḥ yudhiṣṭhireṇa rājendra bhrātṛbhiḥ sahitena ha

6. saṃjaya uvāca: rājan,
rājendra,
tadā bhrātṛbhiḥ sahitena yudhiṣṭhireṇa tarjyamānaḥ udakasthaḥ tava ātmajaḥ ha.

6. Sanjaya said: O King, your son, who was then situated in the water, being threatened by Yudhishthira, who was accompanied by his brothers, O King of kings, indeed...

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• तर्ज्यमानः (tarjyamānaḥ) - being threatened, being intimidated

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• राजन् (rājan) - Refers to Dhritarashtra. (O King)

• उदकस्थः (udakasthaḥ) - Refers to Duryodhana, who was hiding in a lake. (situated in water, standing in water)

• तव (tava) - to you, your

• आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - Refers to Duryodhana. (son, offspring)

• युधिष्ठिरेण (yudhiṣṭhireṇa) - by Yudhishthira

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - Refers to Dhritarashtra. (O King of kings, O chief of kings)

• भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - Refers to Yudhishthira's brothers. (by brothers)

• सहितेन (sahitena) - Accompanying Yudhishthira. (accompanied by, together with)

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly, surely

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular, serving as the subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

Irregular perfect formation (reduplicated).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Third person singular, perfect active.

तर्ज्यमानः (tarjyamānaḥ) - being threatened, being intimidated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tarjyamāna

tarjyamāna - being threatened, being intimidated

Present Passive Participle

From root 'tarj' (to threaten), passive voice, present participle.

Root: tarj (class 10)

Note: Present Passive Participle, masculine nominative singular, agreeing with 'ātmajaḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) with suffix '-dā'.

Note: Adverb of time.

राजन् (rājan) - Refers to Dhritarashtra. (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Vocative singular.

उदकस्थः (udakasthaḥ) - Refers to Duryodhana, who was hiding in a lake. (situated in water, standing in water)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udakastha

udakastha - situated in water, standing in water

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (udaka+stha)

• udaka – water
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, situated, residing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agentive suffix
  From root 'sthā' (to stand) with suffix '-a'.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Masculine nominative singular, agreeing with 'ātmajaḥ'.

तव (tava) - to you, your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Enclitic form of the genitive singular 'yuṣmad'.

आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - Refers to Duryodhana. (son, offspring)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - born of oneself, son, offspring

Derived from ātman (self) + jan (to be born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix meaning 'born of'
  From root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Masculine nominative singular.

युधिष्ठिरेण (yudhiṣṭhireṇa) - by Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, 'firm in battle')

Compound meaning 'steady in battle'.

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of 'yudh'.
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Instrumental singular, indicating the agent of the passive participle 'tarjyamānaḥ'.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - Refers to Dhritarashtra. (O King of kings, O chief of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, king of kings

Compound of 'rājan' (king) and 'indra' (chief).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• indra – chief, lord, Indra (god)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Vocative singular.

भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - Refers to Yudhishthira's brothers. (by brothers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Instrumental plural.

सहितेन (sahitena) - Accompanying Yudhishthira. (accompanied by, together with)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied by, endowed with, united with

Past Passive Participle

From 'sa' (with) and 'hita' (placed or joined).

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Masculine instrumental singular, agreeing with 'yudhiṣṭhireṇa'.

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle.