महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-31, verse-5

श्रुत्वा स कटुका वाचो जययुक्ताः पुनः पुनः ।
किमब्रवीत्पाण्डवेयांस्तन्ममाचक्ष्व संजय ॥५॥

5. śrutvā sa kaṭukā vāco jayayuktāḥ punaḥ punaḥ ,
kimabravītpāṇḍaveyāṁstanmamācakṣva saṁjaya.

5. śrutvā saḥ kaṭukāḥ vācaḥ jayayuktāḥ punaḥ punaḥ
kim abravīt pāṇḍaveyān tat mama ācakṣva saṃjaya

5. saṃjaya,
punaḥ punaḥ kaṭukāḥ jayayuktāḥ vācaḥ śrutvā saḥ pāṇḍaveyān kim abravīt? tat mama ācakṣva.

5. Having heard those bitter, triumphant words again and again, what did he say to the Pandavas? Sanjaya, please tell me that.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Duryodhana. (he, that)

• कटुकाः (kaṭukāḥ) - bitter, harsh, sharp

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speeches, voices

• जययुक्ताः (jayayuktāḥ) - joined with victory, triumphant, victorious

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• पाण्डवेयान् (pāṇḍaveyān) - to the Pandavas, sons of Pandu

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the answer to the question "what did he say?". (that, therefore)

• मम (mama) - Refers to Dhritarashtra. (to me, my)

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, relate, explain

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (proper name)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Absolutive verb form.

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Duryodhana. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine nominative singular.

कटुकाः (kaṭukāḥ) - bitter, harsh, sharp

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of kaṭuka

kaṭuka - bitter, pungent, sharp, harsh

Note: Feminine accusative plural, agreeing with 'vācaḥ'.

वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speeches, voices

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - word, speech, voice, language

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Feminine accusative plural.

जययुक्ताः (jayayuktāḥ) - joined with victory, triumphant, victorious

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of jayayukta

jayayukta - joined with victory, triumphant, victorious

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaya+yukta)

• jaya – victory, triumph, conquest
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• yukta – joined, connected, endowed with, possessed of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'yuj' (to join).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Feminine accusative plural, agreeing with 'vācaḥ'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

किम् (kim) - what, why

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, why, how, whether

Note: Used as an interrogative pronoun.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (aorist) (luṅ) of brū

Aorist

Root aorist, imperfect prefix 'a-'.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Third person singular, aorist active.

पाण्डवेयान् (pāṇḍaveyān) - to the Pandavas, sons of Pandu

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍaveya

pāṇḍaveya - descendant of Pandu, a Pandava

Patronymic formation from 'Pāṇḍu'.

Note: Masculine accusative plural, indicating the direct object of 'abravīt'.

तत् (tat) - Refers to the answer to the question "what did he say?". (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Neuter accusative singular.

मम (mama) - Refers to Dhritarashtra. (to me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I (pronoun)

Note: Genitive or Dative singular, meaning "to me" or "my". Here dative for 'tell to me'.

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, relate, explain

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of ācakṣ

Imperative

From root 'cakṣ' (to see, relate) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: Second person singular, imperative middle.

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Vocative singular.