महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-31, verse-7

श्रुत्वा स कटुका वाचो विषमस्थो जनाधिपः ।
दीर्घमुष्णं च निःश्वस्य सलिलस्थः पुनः पुनः ॥७॥

7. śrutvā sa kaṭukā vāco viṣamastho janādhipaḥ ,
dīrghamuṣṇaṁ ca niḥśvasya salilasthaḥ punaḥ punaḥ.

7. śrutvā saḥ kaṭukāḥ vācaḥ viṣamasthaḥ janādhipaḥ
dīrgham uṣṇam ca niḥśvasya salilasthaḥ punaḥ punaḥ

7. सः जनाधिपः विषमस्थः सलिलस्थः कटुकाः वाचः
श्रुत्वा दीर्घम् उष्णम् च पुनः पुनः निःश्वस्य

7. Having heard those bitter words, the king (janādhipaḥ), who was in a difficult situation and standing in the water, sighed long and hot breaths again and again.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• कटुकाः (kaṭukāḥ) - bitter, harsh, pungent

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speech

• विषमस्थः (viṣamasthaḥ) - standing in a difficult place, being in a difficult situation

• जनाधिपः (janādhipaḥ) - King Duryodhana (lord of people, king)

• दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long, extended

• उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hot, warm

• च (ca) - and, also

• निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed, after sighing

• सलिलस्थः (salilasthaḥ) - standing in water, situated in water

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root śru- with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कटुकाः (kaṭukāḥ) - bitter, harsh, pungent

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of kaṭuka

kaṭuka - bitter, pungent, harsh, severe

Note: Agrees with vācaḥ

वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speech

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - word, speech, voice

Root: vac (class 2)

विषमस्थः (viṣamasthaḥ) - standing in a difficult place, being in a difficult situation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣamastha

viṣamastha - standing in a difficult place, being in trouble, in a crisis

Compound

Compound type : Saptami-Tatpurusha (viṣama+stha)

• viṣama – uneven, difficult, perilous
  adjective (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun derivative
  From root sthā 'to stand'
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies janādhipaḥ

जनाधिपः (janādhipaḥ) - King Duryodhana (lord of people, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of people, king

Compound

Compound type : Genitive-Tatpurusha (jana+adhipa)

• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, chief
  noun (masculine)
  From 'adhi' + root 'pā' (to protect, rule)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 1)

दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long, extended

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, extended, profound

Note: Used adverbially modifying niḥśvasya

उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hot, warm

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uṣṇa

uṣṇa - hot, warm, passionate

Root: uṣ (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially modifying niḥśvasya

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed, after sighing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root śvas- with prefix nis- and suffix -ya (after upasarga)

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

सलिलस्थः (salilasthaḥ) - standing in water, situated in water

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of salilastha

salilastha - standing in water, situated in water

Compound

Compound type : Saptami-Tatpurusha (salila+stha)

• salila – water
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun derivative
  From root sthā 'to stand'
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies janādhipaḥ

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

(indeclinable)

Adverb

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

(indeclinable)

Adverb