महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-74, verse-8

वैणवायस्मयशराः स्वायता विविधाननाः ।
रुधिरं पतगैः सार्धं प्राणिनां पपुराहवे ॥८॥

8. vaiṇavāyasmayaśarāḥ svāyatā vividhānanāḥ ,
rudhiraṁ patagaiḥ sārdhaṁ prāṇināṁ papurāhave.

8. vaiṇavāyasmayaśarāḥ svāyatā vividhānanaḥ
rudhiram patagaiḥ sārdham prāṇinām papuḥ āhave

8. vaiṇavāyasmayaśarāḥ svāyatāḥ vividhānanaḥ
āhave patagaiḥ sārdham prāṇinām rudhiram papuḥ

8. These arrows, made of bamboo and iron, were long and had various kinds of points; in battle, they drank the blood of living beings along with the birds (of prey).

Words meanings summery:

• वैणवायस्मयशराः (vaiṇavāyasmayaśarāḥ) - arrows made of bamboo and iron

• स्वायता (svāyatā) - well-stretched, long

• विविधाननः (vividhānanaḥ) - having various kinds of points (referring to arrowheads) (having various kinds of mouths/faces/points)

• रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood

• पतगैः (patagaiḥ) - with birds of prey (vultures, eagles) (by birds, with birds)

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with, along with

• प्राणिनाम् (prāṇinām) - of living beings, of creatures

• पपुः (papuḥ) - drank

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat, in conflict

Words meanings and morphology

वैणवायस्मयशराः (vaiṇavāyasmayaśarāḥ) - arrows made of bamboo and iron

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaiṇavāyasmayaśara

vaiṇavāyasmayaśara - arrow made of bamboo and iron

Tatpuruṣa compound: vaiṇava (made of bamboo) + āyasmaya (made of iron) + śara (arrow). The 'and' is implied.

Compound type : dvandva-garbha tatpuruṣa (vaiṇava+āyasmaya+śara)

• vaiṇava – made of bamboo
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from veṇu (bamboo) with suffix -a
• āyasmaya – made of iron
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from ayas (iron) with suffix -maya
• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  From root śṛ (to crush/break)
  Root: śṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject, referring to the arrows.

स्वायता (svāyatā) - well-stretched, long

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svāyata

svāyata - well-stretched, long

Past Passive Participle

Compound: su (well) + āyata (stretched/extended). Āyata from prefix ā- + root yam (to control/extend).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+āyata)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
  Prefix expressing excellence
• āyata – stretched, extended, long
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yam (to control/extend) with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies śarāḥ.

विविधाननः (vividhānanaḥ) - having various kinds of points (referring to arrowheads) (having various kinds of mouths/faces/points)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vividhānana

vividhānana - having various mouths/faces/points

Bahuvrīhi compound: vividha (various) + ānana (mouth/face/point). In the context of arrows, "points" is implied.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vividha+ānana)

• vividha – various, manifold
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
• ānana – mouth, face, opening, point
  noun (neuter)
  From prefix ā- + root an (to breathe).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Qualifies śarāḥ.

रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rudhira

rudhira - blood, red

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Object of the verb papuḥ.

पतगैः (patagaiḥ) - with birds of prey (vultures, eagles) (by birds, with birds)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pataga

pataga - bird, flying creature

Compound: pat (flying) + ga (going). Pat from root pat (to fly). Ga from root gam (to go).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pat+ga)

• pat – flying (from root pat)
  participle
  From root pat (to fly)
  Root: pat (class 1)
• ga – going (from root gam)
  participle
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Indicates accompaniment, "along with birds."

सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with, along with

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from sa (with) + ardha (half/side)

Note: Used with instrumental patagaiḥ.

प्राणिनाम् (prāṇinām) - of living beings, of creatures

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prāṇin

prāṇin - living being, creature

From prāṇa (life-breath) + -in (possessive suffix)

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Possessive, "blood of living beings."

पपुः (papuḥ) - drank

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of pā

Perfect

Reduplicated perfect of root pā.

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: The subject is śarāḥ (arrows), personified as drinking blood.

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, combat, conflict

From prefix ā- + root hu (to offer/sacrifice) or hve (to call).

Prefix: ā

Root: hu/hve (class 3)

Note: Locative of āhava.