महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-74, verse-25

ज्येष्ठस्य च शिरः कायात्क्षुरप्रेण न्यकृन्तत ।
स पपात हतः पृथ्व्यां वातरुग्ण इव द्रुमः ॥२५॥

25. jyeṣṭhasya ca śiraḥ kāyātkṣurapreṇa nyakṛntata ,
sa papāta hataḥ pṛthvyāṁ vātarugṇa iva drumaḥ.

25. jyeṣṭhasya ca śiraḥ kāyāt kṣurapreṇa nyakṛntata
saḥ papāta hataḥ pṛthvyām vātarugṇaḥ iva drumaḥ

25. saḥ jyeṣṭhasya śiraḥ kāyāt kṣurapreṇa nyakṛntata
saḥ hataḥ vātarugṇaḥ iva drumaḥ pṛthvyām papāta

25. With a razor-edged arrow, he severed the head of the elder from his body. Struck down, he fell to the earth like a tree broken by the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• ज्येष्ठस्य (jyeṣṭhasya) - of the elder (brother) (of the eldest, of the chief)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

• क्षुरप्रेण (kṣurapreṇa) - with a razor-edged arrow

• न्यकृन्तत (nyakṛntata) - severed (cut off, severed)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• पपात (papāta) - fell (fell, dropped)

• हतः (hataḥ) - struck down (struck, killed, destroyed)

• पृथ्व्याम् (pṛthvyām) - on the earth (on the earth, on the ground)

• वातरुग्णः (vātarugṇaḥ) - broken by the wind (wind-broken, shattered by wind)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• द्रुमः (drumaḥ) - tree

Words meanings and morphology

ज्येष्ठस्य (jyeṣṭhasya) - of the elder (brother) (of the eldest, of the chief)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, chief, best; elder brother

Superlative of praśasya (good) or vṛddha (old).

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

Note: Direct object of 'nyakṛntata'.

कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, collection, group

क्षुरप्रेण (kṣurapreṇa) - with a razor-edged arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣurapra

kṣurapra - a razor-edged arrow, a type of dart

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣura+pra)

• kṣura – razor, knife
  noun (masculine)
• pra – forward, excellent, sharp (as part of a compound)
  indeclinable
  Often acts as a prefix, but here forms a compound noun 'kṣurapra' describing a type of arrow.

न्यकृन्तत (nyakṛntata) - severed (cut off, severed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛnt

Root `kṛnt` (class 6, `kṛntati`), imperfect tense, 3rd singular, middle voice. Formed with prefix `ni`.

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛnt (class 6)

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine nominative singular form of `tad`.

पपात (papāta) - fell (fell, dropped)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of pat

Root `pat` (class 1, `patati`), perfect tense, 3rd singular.

Root: pat (class 1)

हतः (hataḥ) - struck down (struck, killed, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - struck, killed, destroyed, harmed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `han` (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ`.

पृथ्व्याम् (pṛthvyām) - on the earth (on the earth, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of pṛthvī

pṛthvī - earth, ground, world

वातरुग्णः (vātarugṇaḥ) - broken by the wind (wind-broken, shattered by wind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vātarugṇa

vātarugṇa - broken by wind, shattered by wind

Past Passive Participle (for rugṇa)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāta+rugṇa)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• rugṇa – broken, injured, diseased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `ruj` (to break, to pain).
  Root: ruj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with `drumaḥ`.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

द्रुमः (drumaḥ) - tree

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree, plant