महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-74, verse-42

तमभ्यधावन्क्रोशन्तः क्षत्रिया जयकाङ्क्षिणः ।
इदं छिद्रमिति ज्ञात्वा धरणीस्थं धनंजयम् ॥४२॥

42. tamabhyadhāvankrośantaḥ kṣatriyā jayakāṅkṣiṇaḥ ,
idaṁ chidramiti jñātvā dharaṇīsthaṁ dhanaṁjayam.

42. tam abhi adhāvan krośantaḥ kṣatriyāḥ jaya-kāṅkṣiṇaḥ
idam chidram iti jñātvā dharaṇī-sthaṃ dhanaṃjayam

42. jaya-kāṅkṣiṇaḥ kṣatriyāḥ idam chidram iti jñātvā
dharaṇī-sthaṃ tam dhanaṃjayam krośantaḥ abhi adhāvan

42. Those Kṣatriyas, eager for victory, cried out and rushed towards him (Arjuna), having perceived "this is an opportunity" as Dhanañjaya stood on the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Arjuna) (him, that)

• अभि (abhi) - towards, against, in front of

• अधावन् (adhāvan) - they ran, they rushed

• क्रोशन्तः (krośantaḥ) - crying out, shouting

• क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - warriors, Kṣatriyas

• जय-काङ्क्षिणः (jaya-kāṅkṣiṇaḥ) - desiring victory, wishing for triumph

• इदम् (idam) - this

• छिद्रम् (chidram) - an opportunity, a vulnerability (hole, opening, fault, defect, weak point, opportunity)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (introduces direct speech or thought)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood, having perceived

• धरणी-स्थं (dharaṇī-sthaṁ) - standing on the ground, situated on the earth

• धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Arjuna) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अभि (abhi) - towards, against, in front of

(indeclinable)

अधावन् (adhāvan) - they ran, they rushed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dhāv

Root: dhāv (class 1)

क्रोशन्तः (krośantaḥ) - crying out, shouting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of krośant

krośant - crying out, shouting, calling

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of root kruś (to cry, shout)

Root: kruś (class 1)

क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - warriors, Kṣatriyas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a member of the warrior class, warrior, ruler

जय-काङ्क्षिणः (jaya-kāṅkṣiṇaḥ) - desiring victory, wishing for triumph

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jaya-kāṅkṣin

jaya-kāṅkṣin - desiring victory, eager for victory

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaya+kāṅkṣin)

• jaya – victory, triumph, conquest
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• kāṅkṣin – desiring, wishing, longing for
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  From root kāṅkṣ (to desire)
  Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

छिद्रम् (chidram) - an opportunity, a vulnerability (hole, opening, fault, defect, weak point, opportunity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of chidra

chidra - hole, opening, defect, fault, weakness, vulnerable point, opportunity

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (introduces direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Gerund/Absolutive form from root jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

धरणी-स्थं (dharaṇī-sthaṁ) - standing on the ground, situated on the earth

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharaṇī-stha

dharaṇī-stha - standing on the earth, earth-dwelling

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharaṇī+stha)

• dharaṇī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -stha from root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth, a name of Arjuna