महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-74, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
परिवर्तमाने त्वादित्ये तत्र सूर्यस्य रश्मिभिः ।
रजसा कीर्यमाणाश्च मन्दीभूताश्च सैनिकाः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
parivartamāne tvāditye tatra sūryasya raśmibhiḥ ,
rajasā kīryamāṇāśca mandībhūtāśca sainikāḥ.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca | parivartamāne tu āditye tatra sūryasya
raśmibhiḥ | rajasā kīryamāṇāḥ ca mandībhūtāḥ ca sainikāḥ

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca āditye parivartamāne,
tatra sūryasya raśmibhiḥ rajasā kīryamāṇāḥ ca mandībhūtāḥ ca sainikāḥ

1. Saṃjaya said, "As the sun (āditya) was setting, the soldiers there, agitated by its rays and covered with dust, also became weary."

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• परिवर्तमाने (parivartamāne) - as it (the sun) was setting (while turning, as it turns, during the turning)

• तु (tu) - while, as (emphasizes the temporal aspect) (but, indeed, however, while)

• आदित्ये (āditye) - in the sun (as the sun was setting) (in the sun, on the sun, regarding the sun)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield) (there, in that place)

• सूर्यस्य (sūryasya) - of the sun

• रश्मिभिः (raśmibhiḥ) - by the sun's rays (causing agitation) (by rays, with rays)

• रजसा (rajasā) - by the dust (raised in battle) (by dust, with dust, by impurity)

• कीर्यमाणाः (kīryamāṇāḥ) - being agitated (by rays/dust) (being scattered, being covered, being agitated)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मन्दीभूताः (mandībhūtāḥ) - become weary (due to battle conditions) (become dim, become weak, grown faint, weary)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सैनिकाः (sainikāḥ) - soldiers, armies

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From root vac.

परिवर्तमाने (parivartamāne) - as it (the sun) was setting (while turning, as it turns, during the turning)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of parivartamāna

parivartamāna - turning, revolving, changing, setting (for sun)

Present Middle Participle

Derived from pari-vṛt, present middle participle

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Adverbial participle, refers to the sun.

तु (tu) - while, as (emphasizes the temporal aspect) (but, indeed, however, while)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle used for emphasis or contrast.

आदित्ये (āditye) - in the sun (as the sun was setting) (in the sun, on the sun, regarding the sun)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - sun, son of Aditi

Note: Locative absolute with 'parivartamāne'.

तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

सूर्यस्य (sūryasya) - of the sun

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, the sun god

रश्मिभिः (raśmibhiḥ) - by the sun's rays (causing agitation) (by rays, with rays)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of raśmi

raśmi - ray, beam, rope, rein

Note: Instrumental of cause.

रजसा (rajasā) - by the dust (raised in battle) (by dust, with dust, by impurity)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, impurity, passion, a constituent of nature (prakṛti)

Note: Instrumental of cause or accompaniment.

कीर्यमाणाः (kīryamāṇāḥ) - being agitated (by rays/dust) (being scattered, being covered, being agitated)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kīryamāṇa

kīryamāṇa - being scattered, being covered, being agitated

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to scatter, strew), present passive participle

Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Adjective modifying 'sainikāḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'kīryamāṇāḥ' and 'mandībhūtāḥ'.

मन्दीभूताः (mandībhūtāḥ) - become weary (due to battle conditions) (become dim, become weak, grown faint, weary)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mandībhūta

mandībhūta - become dim, become weak, grown faint, weary

Past Passive Participle

Derived from mandībhū (to become dim/weak), past passive participle

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'sainikāḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'kīryamāṇāḥ' and 'mandībhūtāḥ'.

सैनिकाः (sainikāḥ) - soldiers, armies

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sainika

sainika - soldier, pertaining to an army

Note: Subject of the sentence.