महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-25, verse-56

स नागराजः प्रवराङ्कुशाहतः पुरा सपक्षोऽद्रिवरो यथा नृप ।
भयं तथा रिपुषु समादधद्भृशं वणिग्गणानां क्षुभितो यथार्णवः ॥५६॥

56. sa nāgarājaḥ pravarāṅkuśāhataḥ; purā sapakṣo'drivaro yathā nṛpa ,
bhayaṁ tathā ripuṣu samādadhadbhṛśaṁ; vaṇiggaṇānāṁ kṣubhito yathārṇavaḥ.

56. saḥ nāgarājaḥ pravarāṅkuśāhataḥ purā
sapakṣaḥ adrivaraḥ yathā nṛpa |
bhayam tathā ripuṣu samādadhat bhṛśam
vaṇiggṇānām kṣubhitaḥ yathā arṇavaḥ

56. nṛpa,
saḥ nāgarājaḥ pravarāṅkuśāhataḥ purā sapakṣaḥ adrivaraḥ yathā,
tathā ripuṣu bhṛśam bhayam samādadhat,
vaṇiggṇānām kṣubhitaḥ arṇavaḥ yathā

56. O king, that lord of elephants, struck by a mighty goad, like the chief of winged mountains of old, greatly instilled fear in his enemies, just as a turbulent ocean (inspires fear) in groups of merchants.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• नागराजः (nāgarājaḥ) - lord of elephants (referring to Bhagadatta's elephant) (king of serpents, lord of elephants)

• प्रवराङ्कुशाहतः (pravarāṅkuśāhataḥ) - struck by an excellent goad

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, before

• सपक्षः (sapakṣaḥ) - having wings, winged

• अद्रिवरः (adrivaraḥ) - best mountain, chief of mountains

• यथा (yathā) - as, like, in the manner that

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, terror

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

• रिपुषु (ripuṣu) - among enemies, in enemies

• समादधत् (samādadhat) - instilling fear (instilling, causing, placing)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, loudly, intensely

• वणिग्ग्णानाम् (vaṇiggṇānām) - of groups of merchants

• क्षुभितः (kṣubhitaḥ) - agitated, turbulent, disturbed

• यथा (yathā) - as, like, in the manner that

• अर्णवः (arṇavaḥ) - ocean, sea

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Masculine singular nominative of tad.

नागराजः (nāgarājaḥ) - lord of elephants (referring to Bhagadatta's elephant) (king of serpents, lord of elephants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāgarāja

nāgarāja - king of serpents, chief of elephants

Compound of nāga and rāja

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+rāja)

• nāga – serpent, elephant, mountain
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

प्रवराङ्कुशाहतः (pravarāṅkuśāhataḥ) - struck by an excellent goad

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravarāṅkuśāhata

pravarāṅkuśāhata - struck by a powerful/excellent goad

Compound: pravara (excellent) + aṅkuśa (goad) + āhata (struck). 'āhata' is a past passive participle of han with prefix ā. Sandhi aṅkuśa+āhata is internal.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pravara+aṅkuśa+āhata)

• pravara – excellent, chief, best
  adjective (masculine)
• aṅkuśa – elephant goad
  noun (masculine)
• āhata – struck, hit, wounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root han with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies nāgarājaḥ.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, before

(indeclinable)

सपक्षः (sapakṣaḥ) - having wings, winged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sapakṣa

sapakṣa - winged, having a side/party

Bahuvrīhi compound 'sa' (with) + 'pakṣa' (wing/side)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+pakṣa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix-like element in compounds
• pakṣa – wing, side, party
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies adrivaraḥ.

अद्रिवरः (adrivaraḥ) - best mountain, chief of mountains

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adrivara

adrivara - chief mountain, excellent mountain

Compound of adri and vara

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adri+vara)

• adri – mountain, stone, cloud
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent, boon
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

यथा (yathā) - as, like, in the manner that

(indeclinable)

From yad (that) + thā (suffix for manner)

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Compound of nṛ (man) + pā (protector)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pā)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pā – protector
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, terror

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, terror, apprehension

From root bhī (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of samādadhat.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + thā (suffix for manner)

रिपुषु (ripuṣu) - among enemies, in enemies

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe

Root: rip

समादधत् (samādadhat) - instilling fear (instilling, causing, placing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samādadat

samādadat - causing, instilling, placing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root dhā with prefixes sam and ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies nāgarājaḥ.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, loudly, intensely

(indeclinable)

Used adverbially in neuter accusative singular

Root: bhṛś (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.

वणिग्ग्णानाम् (vaṇiggṇānām) - of groups of merchants

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vaṇiggṇa

vaṇiggṇa - group of merchants

Compound of vaṇij and gaṇa. (Internal sandhi changes j to g before g).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaṇij+gaṇa)

• vaṇij – merchant, trader
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, multitude, troop
  noun (masculine)

क्षुभितः (kṣubhitaḥ) - agitated, turbulent, disturbed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣubhita

kṣubhita - agitated, disturbed, shaken, turbulent

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root kṣubh

Root: kṣubh (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - as, like, in the manner that

(indeclinable)

From yad (that) + thā (suffix for manner)

अर्णवः (arṇavaḥ) - ocean, sea

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arṇava

arṇava - ocean, sea