महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-25, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
तेष्वेवं संनिवृत्तेषु प्रत्युद्यातेषु भागशः ।
कथं युयुधिरे पार्था मामकाश्च तरस्विनः ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
teṣvevaṁ saṁnivṛtteṣu pratyudyāteṣu bhāgaśaḥ ,
kathaṁ yuyudhire pārthā māmakāśca tarasvinaḥ.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca | teṣu evam saṃnivṛtteṣu pratyudyāteṣu
bhāgaśaḥ | katham yuyudhire pārthāḥ māmakāḥ ca tarasvinaḥ

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca evam teṣu bhāgaśaḥ saṃnivṛtteṣu
pratyudyāteṣu pārthāḥ tarasvinaḥ māmakāḥ ca katham yuyudhire

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: 'As they thus retreated and then counter-attacked in divisions, how did the Pāṇḍavas and my own mighty warriors fight?'

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra (name of the king)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तेषु (teṣu) - as they (the warriors) (among them, in them, to them)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• संनिवृत्तेषु (saṁnivṛtteṣu) - as they retreated (having retreated, turned back)

• प्रत्युद्यातेषु (pratyudyāteṣu) - as they counter-attacked (having counter-attacked, gone against)

• भागशः (bhāgaśaḥ) - in parts, in divisions, in groups

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• युयुधिरे (yuyudhire) - they fought

• पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the sons of Pritha, the Pandavas

• मामकाः (māmakāḥ) - Dhritarashtra's sons and allies (Kauravas) (my people, those belonging to me)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तरस्विनः (tarasvinaḥ) - mighty, powerful, swift

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra (name of the king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (a proper name, lit. 'he who holds the kingdom')

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तेषु (teṣu) - as they (the warriors) (among them, in them, to them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (pronoun)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

संनिवृत्तेषु (saṁnivṛtteṣu) - as they retreated (having retreated, turned back)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of saṃnivṛtta

saṁnivṛtta - turned back, retreated, returned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛt with prefixes sam and ni

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

प्रत्युद्यातेषु (pratyudyāteṣu) - as they counter-attacked (having counter-attacked, gone against)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of pratyudyāta

pratyudyāta - gone against, counter-attacked

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yā with prefixes prati and ud

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

भागशः (bhāgaśaḥ) - in parts, in divisions, in groups

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

युयुधिरे (yuyudhire) - they fought

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the sons of Pritha, the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pritha (Kunti), Arjuna, any of the Pandavas

Derived from pṛthā (Kunti)

मामकाः (māmakāḥ) - Dhritarashtra's sons and allies (Kauravas) (my people, those belonging to me)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of māmaka

māmaka - my, mine, belonging to me, my people

Derived from mad (me) with suffix -ka

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तरस्विनः (tarasvinaḥ) - mighty, powerful, swift

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tarasvin

tarasvin - mighty, powerful, swift, energetic