महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-25, verse-54

गोपाल इव दण्डेन यथा पशुगणान्वने ।
आवेष्टयत तां सेनां भगदत्तस्तथा मुहुः ॥५४॥

54. gopāla iva daṇḍena yathā paśugaṇānvane ,
āveṣṭayata tāṁ senāṁ bhagadattastathā muhuḥ.

54. gopālaḥ iva daṇḍena yathā paśugaṇān vane |
āveṣṭayata tām senām bhagadattaḥ tathā muhuḥ

54. bhagadattaḥ daṇḍena vane paśugaṇān yathā
gopālaḥ iva tām senām muhuḥ tathā āveṣṭayata

54. Just as a cowherd herds groups of cattle in the forest with a stick, so too did Bhagadatta repeatedly surround that army.

Words meanings summery:

• गोपालः (gopālaḥ) - cowherd, protector of cows

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - by means of a stick, with a staff

• यथा (yathā) - as, like, in the manner that

• पशुगणान् (paśugaṇān) - herds of animals, groups of cattle

• वने (vane) - in the forest, in the woods

• आवेष्टयत (āveṣṭayata) - he surrounded, he encompassed

• ताम् (tām) - referring to the army (that, her)

• सेनाम् (senām) - army, host

• भगदत्तः (bhagadattaḥ) - Bhagadatta (a king of Pragjyotisha)

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

• मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

Words meanings and morphology

गोपालः (gopālaḥ) - cowherd, protector of cows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gopāla

gopāla - protector of cows, cowherd

From go (cow) + pāla (protector)

Root: pā (class 2)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - by means of a stick, with a staff

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - stick, staff, rod, punishment

Root: daṇḍ (class 10)

यथा (yathā) - as, like, in the manner that

(indeclinable)

From yad (that) + thā (suffix for manner)

पशुगणान् (paśugaṇān) - herds of animals, groups of cattle

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of paśugaṇa

paśugaṇa - herd of animals, group of cattle

Compound of paśu and gaṇa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paśu+gaṇa)

• paśu – animal, beast, cattle
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, multitude, herd
  noun (masculine)

वने (vane) - in the forest, in the woods

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, water

Root: van

आवेष्टयत (āveṣṭayata) - he surrounded, he encompassed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of veṣṭ

Causal

Root veṣṭ with prefix ā, causal stem formed by adding -ay- to the root

Prefix: ā

Root: veṣṭ (class 1)

ताम् (tām) - referring to the army (that, her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, she

Note: Accusative singular feminine of tad.

सेनाम् (senām) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, military

भगदत्तः (bhagadattaḥ) - Bhagadatta (a king of Pragjyotisha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagadatta

bhagadatta - Bhagadatta (proper name)

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + thā (suffix for manner)

मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

(indeclinable)

Root: muh