महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-25, verse-4

स नाग इव नागेन गोवृषेणेव गोवृषः ।
समाहूतः स्वयं राज्ञा नागानीकमुपाद्रवत् ॥४॥

4. sa nāga iva nāgena govṛṣeṇeva govṛṣaḥ ,
samāhūtaḥ svayaṁ rājñā nāgānīkamupādravat.

4. saḥ nāgaḥ iva nāgena go-vṛṣeṇa iva go-vṛṣaḥ
samāhūtaḥ svayam rājñā nāgānīkam upādravat

4. saḥ rājñā svayam samāhūtaḥ nāgaḥ nāgena iva
go-vṛṣaḥ go-vṛṣeṇa iva nāgānīkam upādravat

4. Like an elephant (challenged) by an elephant, or a bull by a bull, Bhīma, personally challenged by the king, advanced upon the elephant army.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Bhīma) (he, that one)

• नागः (nāgaḥ) - elephant (elephant, snake)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• नागेन (nāgena) - by an elephant (by an elephant, by a snake)

• गो-वृषेण (go-vṛṣeṇa) - by a bull

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• गो-वृषः (go-vṛṣaḥ) - bull

• समाहूतः (samāhūtaḥ) - challenged (challenged, called, invited)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - personally (oneself, by oneself, personally)

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king (Duryodhana) (by the king)

• नागानीकम् (nāgānīkam) - the elephant army

• उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - attacked, advanced upon (he ran towards, he attacked, he advanced upon)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Bhīma) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhīma, the subject.

नागः (nāgaḥ) - elephant (elephant, snake)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - snake, elephant, mountain

Note: Part of a simile, 'like an elephant'.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

नागेन (nāgena) - by an elephant (by an elephant, by a snake)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - snake, elephant, mountain

Note: Part of a simile, 'by an elephant'.

गो-वृषेण (go-vṛṣeṇa) - by a bull

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of go-vṛṣa

go-vṛṣa - bull

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+vṛṣa)

• go – cow, ox, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• vṛṣa – bull, male, showerer (of benefits)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Part of a simile, 'by a bull'.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

गो-वृषः (go-vṛṣaḥ) - bull

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of go-vṛṣa

go-vṛṣa - bull

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+vṛṣa)

• go – cow, ox, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• vṛṣa – bull, male, showerer (of benefits)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Part of a simile, 'like a bull'.

समाहूतः (samāhūtaḥ) - challenged (challenged, called, invited)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāhūta

samāhūta - challenged, called, invited

Past Passive Participle

Root 'hvā' (hū) with prefix 'sam-ā'

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

Note: Participle, agreeing with 'saḥ'.

स्वयम् (svayam) - personally (oneself, by oneself, personally)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizing the agency of the king.

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king (Duryodhana) (by the king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Note: Agent in a passive construction with 'samāhūtaḥ'.

नागानीकम् (nāgānīkam) - the elephant army

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nāgānīka

nāgānīka - elephant army, array of elephants

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+anīka)

• nāga – snake, elephant, mountain
  noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, face
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of the verb 'upādravat'.

उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - attacked, advanced upon (he ran towards, he attacked, he advanced upon)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of drav

root 'drav' (1st class, bhvādi) with prefix 'upa-ā'

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: drav (class 1)

Note: Verb from root 'drav' with prefixes 'upa' and 'ā'.