महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-25, verse-10

तथा गजानां कदनं कुर्वाणमनिलात्मजम् ।
क्रुद्धो दुर्योधनोऽभ्येत्य प्रत्यविध्यच्छितैः शरैः ॥१०॥

10. tathā gajānāṁ kadanaṁ kurvāṇamanilātmajam ,
kruddho duryodhano'bhyetya pratyavidhyacchitaiḥ śaraiḥ.

10. tathā gajānām kadanam kurvāṇam anilātmajam kruddhaḥ
duryodhanaḥ abhyetya pratyavidhyat śitaiḥ śaraiḥ

10. tathā kruddhaḥ duryodhanaḥ gajānām kadanam kurvāṇam
anilātmajam abhyetya śitaiḥ śaraiḥ pratyavidhyat

10. Then, enraged, Duryodhana approached Bhīma (anila-ātmajam), who was slaughtering the elephants, and in turn pierced him with sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - Then (thus, so, then)

• गजानाम् (gajānām) - of elephants

• कदनम् (kadanam) - slaughter (slaughter, destruction, massacre)

• कुर्वाणम् (kurvāṇam) - who was slaughtering (doing, performing, making)

• अनिलात्मजम् (anilātmajam) - Bhīma (son of Vayu) (son of Anila (Vayu); Bhīma)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (angry, enraged)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (a proper name))

• अभ्येत्य (abhyetya) - having approached (having approached, having come near)

• प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - pierced him in return (pierced, shot back, retaliated by piercing)

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp (with sharp, whetted, keen)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - Then (thus, so, then)

(indeclinable)

गजानाम् (gajānām) - of elephants

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gaja

gaja - elephant

Root: gam (class 1)

कदनम् (kadanam) - slaughter (slaughter, destruction, massacre)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kadana

kadana - slaughter, destruction, massacre, affliction

From root 'kad' (to be confused, to suffer) or causative 'kaday' (to trouble, torment).

Root: kad (class 1)

Note: Object of the action 'kurvāṇam'.

कुर्वाणम् (kurvāṇam) - who was slaughtering (doing, performing, making)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛ

kṛ - to do, to make, to perform

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Formed from root `kṛ` with `śānac` suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Participle, here functioning adjectivally, modifying 'anilātmajam'.

अनिलात्मजम् (anilātmajam) - Bhīma (son of Vayu) (son of Anila (Vayu); Bhīma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anilātmaja

anilātmaja - son of Anila (Vayu), Bhīma

Compound type : tatpurusha (anila+ātmaja)

• anila – wind, Vayu (the wind god)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)
• ātmaja – born of oneself, son
  noun (masculine)
  From 'ātman' + 'ja' (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (angry, enraged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

From root `krudh` (to be angry) + `kta` (past passive participle suffix).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'duryodhanaḥ'.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Note: Subject of 'pratyavidhyat'.

अभ्येत्य (abhyetya) - having approached (having approached, having come near)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root `i` with prefix `abhi` and suffix `lyap`.

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - pierced him in return (pierced, shot back, retaliated by piercing)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prati-vyadh

Imperfect Active

Formed from root `vyadh` with prefix `prati`. `laṅ` (imperfect).

Prefix: prati

Root: vyadh (class 4)

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp (with sharp, whetted, keen)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, whetted, keen, sharpened

Past Passive Participle

From root `śo` (to sharpen) or `śi` (to sharpen) + `kta` suffix.

Root: śo/śi (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'śaraiḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṛ (class 1)

Note: Instrument of 'pratyavidhyat'.