महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-25, verse-48

ततः पार्ष्ण्यङ्कुशाङ्गुष्ठैः कृतिना चोदितो द्विपः ।
प्रसारितकरः प्रायात्स्तब्धकर्णेक्षणो द्रुतम् ॥४८॥

48. tataḥ pārṣṇyaṅkuśāṅguṣṭhaiḥ kṛtinā codito dvipaḥ ,
prasāritakaraḥ prāyātstabdhakarṇekṣaṇo drutam.

48. tataḥ pārṣṇyaṅkuśāṅguṣṭhaiḥ kṛtinā coditaḥ dvipaḥ
prasāritakaraḥ prāyāt stabdhakarṇekṣaṇaḥ drutam

48. tataḥ kṛtinā pārṣṇyaṅkuśāṅguṣṭhaiḥ coditaḥ dvipaḥ,
prasāritakaraḥ [san],
stabdhakarṇekṣaṇaḥ [san],
drutam prāyāt.

48. Then, spurred by the skillful rider with heels, goad, and big toe, the elephant, with its trunk extended and ears and eyes rigid, swiftly advanced.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• पार्ष्ण्यङ्कुशाङ्गुष्ठैः (pārṣṇyaṅkuśāṅguṣṭhaiḥ) - by the instruments used to guide an elephant (by heels, goad, and big toe)

• कृतिना (kṛtinā) - by the skillful elephant rider (mahout) (by the skillful one, by the expert)

• चोदितः (coditaḥ) - urged, impelled, commanded

• द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - the elephant

• प्रसारितकरः (prasāritakaraḥ) - having an extended trunk

• प्रायात् (prāyāt) - it advanced, it proceeded, it went forward

• स्तब्धकर्णेक्षणः (stabdhakarṇekṣaṇaḥ) - with ears and eyes rigid/motionless

• द्रुतम् (drutam) - swiftly, quickly

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

पार्ष्ण्यङ्कुशाङ्गुष्ठैः (pārṣṇyaṅkuśāṅguṣṭhaiḥ) - by the instruments used to guide an elephant (by heels, goad, and big toe)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pārṣṇyaṅkuśāṅguṣṭha

pārṣṇyaṅkuśāṅguṣṭha - heels, goad, and big toe

Compound type : dvandva (pārṣṇi+aṅkuśa+aṅguṣṭha)

• pārṣṇi – heel
  noun (feminine)
• aṅkuśa – elephant goad
  noun (masculine)
• aṅguṣṭha – big toe
  noun (masculine)

Note: Means by which the elephant is urged by the mahout.

कृतिना (kṛtinā) - by the skillful elephant rider (mahout) (by the skillful one, by the expert)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛtin

kṛtin - skillful, expert, fortunate, doer

Derived from √kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agent of 'coditaḥ'.

चोदितः (coditaḥ) - urged, impelled, commanded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of codita

codita - urged, impelled, incited, sent

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the causative of √cud (to urge, impel)

Root: cud (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'dvipaḥ'.

द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - the elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvipa

dvipa - elephant

Note: Subject of 'prāyāt'.

प्रसारितकरः (prasāritakaraḥ) - having an extended trunk

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasāritakara

prasāritakara - having an extended trunk (lit. 'extended-hand')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (prasārita+kara)

• prasārita – extended, stretched out, spread out
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from pra- + √sṛ (to move) in causative
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• kara – hand; trunk (of an elephant)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes the elephant.

प्रायात् (prāyāt) - it advanced, it proceeded, it went forward

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pra-√i

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular Imperfect active of pra- + √i (to go)

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

स्तब्धकर्णेक्षणः (stabdhakarṇekṣaṇaḥ) - with ears and eyes rigid/motionless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of stabdhakarṇekṣaṇa

stabdhakarṇekṣaṇa - having rigid/motionless ears and eyes

Compound type : bahuvrihi (stabdha+karṇa+īkṣaṇa)

• stabdha – rigid, stiff, motionless, fixed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √stabh (to fix, stiffen)
  Root: stabh (class 9)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)
• īkṣaṇa – eye, seeing
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from √īkṣ (to see)
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Describes the elephant.

द्रुतम् (drutam) - swiftly, quickly

(indeclinable)

Derived from √dru (to run)

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'prāyāt'.