महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-25, verse-49

सोऽधिष्ठाय पदा वाहान्युयुत्सोः सूतमारुजत् ।
पुत्रस्तु तव संभ्रान्तः सौभद्रस्याप्लुतो रथम् ॥४९॥

49. so'dhiṣṭhāya padā vāhānyuyutsoḥ sūtamārujat ,
putrastu tava saṁbhrāntaḥ saubhadrasyāpluto ratham.

49. saḥ adhiṣṭhāya padā vāhān yuyutsoḥ sūtam ārujat putraḥ
tu tava sambhrāntaḥ saubhadrasya āplutaḥ ratham

49. saḥ padā vāhān adhiṣṭhāya,
yuyutsoḥ sūtam ārujat.
tava putraḥ tu sambhrāntaḥ [san],
saubhadrasya ratham āplutaḥ.

49. Having subdued the horses with its foot, he (the elephant) crushed Yuyutsu's charioteer. But your son (Duryodhana), bewildered, jumped onto Abhimanyu's (Saubhadra's) chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - the elephant (from the previous verse) (he)

• अधिष्ठाय (adhiṣṭhāya) - having stood upon, having taken control of, having subdued

• पदा (padā) - with foot

• वाहान् (vāhān) - Yuyutsu's chariot horses (the horses, mounts)

• युयुत्सोः (yuyutsoḥ) - of Yuyutsu

• सूतम् (sūtam) - Yuyutsu's charioteer (the charioteer)

• आरुजत् (ārujat) - he crushed, broke, injured

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - your (Dhritarashtra's) son, Duryodhana (the son)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• तव (tava) - your (Dhritarashtra's) (your)

• सम्भ्रान्तः (sambhrāntaḥ) - bewildered, confused, agitated

• सौभद्रस्य (saubhadrasya) - of Abhimanyu (son of Subhadrā)

• आप्लुतः (āplutaḥ) - jumped into, plunged into

• रथम् (ratham) - onto the chariot

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - the elephant (from the previous verse) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'ārujat'.

अधिष्ठाय (adhiṣṭhāya) - having stood upon, having taken control of, having subdued

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive of adhi- + √sthā (to stand)

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Action preceding the main verb 'ārujat'.

पदा (padā) - with foot

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, mark

Note: Means by which the elephant subdues.

वाहान् (vāhān) - Yuyutsu's chariot horses (the horses, mounts)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vāha

vāha - horse, mount, carrier

Note: Object of 'adhiṣṭhāya'.

युयुत्सोः (yuyutsoḥ) - of Yuyutsu

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yuyutsu

yuyutsu - Yuyutsu (son of Dhritarashtra by a Vaishya woman)

Desiderative derivative of √yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Possessive, modifying 'sūtam'.

सूतम् (sūtam) - Yuyutsu's charioteer (the charioteer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard

Note: Object of 'ārujat'.

आरुजत् (ārujat) - he crushed, broke, injured

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ā-√ruj

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular Imperfect active of ā- + √ruj (to break)

Prefix: ā

Root: ruj (class 6)

Note: Main verb for the elephant's action.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - your (Dhritarashtra's) son, Duryodhana (the son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Subject of the second clause.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a contrasting idea.

तव (tava) - your (Dhritarashtra's) (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Modifies 'putraḥ'.

सम्भ्रान्तः (sambhrāntaḥ) - bewildered, confused, agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sambhrānta

sambhrānta - confused, agitated, bewildered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from sam- + √bhram (to wander, be confused)

Prefix: sam

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Describes 'putraḥ'.

सौभद्रस्य (saubhadrasya) - of Abhimanyu (son of Subhadrā)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saubhadra

saubhadra - son of Subhadrā (i.e., Abhimanyu)

Patronymic from Subhadrā

Note: Possessive, modifying 'ratham'.

आप्लुतः (āplutaḥ) - jumped into, plunged into

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpluta

āpluta - jumped into, plunged into, soaked

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ā- + √plu (to float, swim, jump)

Prefix: ā

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Used as the main verb; implies 'he jumped'.

रथम् (ratham) - onto the chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Object of 'āplutaḥ', indicating direction.