महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-24, verse-54

रथं च स्वं समास्थाय धनुरादाय चापरम् ।
स्वयं यच्छन्हयान्राजन्व्यधमत्पाण्डवीं चमूम् ॥५४॥

54. rathaṁ ca svaṁ samāsthāya dhanurādāya cāparam ,
svayaṁ yacchanhayānrājanvyadhamatpāṇḍavīṁ camūm.

54. ratham ca svam samāsthāya dhanuḥ ādāya ca aparam
svayam yacchan hayān rājan vyadhamat pāṇḍavīm camūm

54. rājan,
svam ratham samāsthāya ca aparam dhanuḥ ādāya,
svayam hayān yacchan,
pāṇḍavīm camūm vyadhamat

54. Having mounted his own chariot and taken another bow, O King, he himself, guiding the horses, then dispersed the Pāṇḍava army.

Words meanings summery:

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• च (ca) - and

• स्वम् (svam) - own, his own

• समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - having mounted, having taken a stand, having ascended

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, having seized, having received

• च (ca) - and

• अपरम् (aparam) - another, other, second

• स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, personally, by himself

• यच्छन् (yacchan) - Here, specifically 'guiding' the horses. (controlling, guiding, restraining, offering)

• हयान् (hayān) - horses

• राजन् (rājan) - The narrator (Sañjaya) is addressing King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O king)

• व्यधमत् (vyadhamat) - he dispersed, scattered, blew away

• पाण्डवीम् (pāṇḍavīm) - Pāṇḍava, belonging to the Pāṇḍavas

• चमूम् (camūm) - army, host, battle array

Words meanings and morphology

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root `√ram` (to delight) or `√rādh` (to prepare).

Note: Object of `samāsthāya`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects the two participial clauses.

स्वम् (svam) - own, his own

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own, self; property, wealth

Reflexive possessive adjective.

Note: Agrees with `ratham`.

समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - having mounted, having taken a stand, having ascended

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from `sam` (with, completely) + `ā` (towards) + root `√sthā` (to stand) + `lyap` suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: √sthā (class 1)

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc; a measure of length

`s-stem` noun.

Note: Object of `ādāya`.

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, having seized, having received

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from `ā` (towards) + root `√dā` (to give, but with `ā` prefix means to take) + `lyap` suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: √dā (class 3)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects `ādāya` with `samāsthāya`.

अपरम् (aparam) - another, other, second

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apara

apara - other, another, second, subsequent, inferior, posterior

Note: Agrees with `dhanuḥ`.

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, personally, by himself

(indeclinable)

Reflexive adverb.

यच्छन् (yacchan) - Here, specifically 'guiding' the horses. (controlling, guiding, restraining, offering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yacchat

yacchat - controlling, guiding, restraining, offering, giving

Present Active Participle

From root `√yam` (to restrain, control, give) + `śatṛ` suffix.

Root: √yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (e.g., Saumadatti), describing his concurrent action.

हयान् (hayān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse, steed

From root `√hi` (to go, move, send).

Root: √hi (class 5)

Note: Object of `yacchan`.

राजन् (rājan) - The narrator (Sañjaya) is addressing King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

`n-stem` noun.

Root: √rāj (class 1)

Note: Direct address.

व्यधमत् (vyadhamat) - he dispersed, scattered, blew away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyadham

Imperfect Active 3rd Singular

Formed from `vi` (apart) + root `√dhmā` (to blow), with thematic vowel and `a` augment for imperfect. Root `dham` is also used.

Prefix: vi

Root: √dhmā (class 1)

Note: The subject is implied from context (likely Saumadatti rallying after being attacked).

पाण्डवीम् (pāṇḍavīm) - Pāṇḍava, belonging to the Pāṇḍavas

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pāṇḍavī

pāṇḍavī - relating to the Pāṇḍavas, Pāṇḍava (feminine adjective)

Feminine form of `pāṇḍava` (descendant of Paṇḍu).

Note: Agrees with `camūm`.

चमूम् (camūm) - army, host, battle array

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of camū

camū - army, host, battle array; a measure of land (ancient)

`ū-stem` feminine noun.

Note: Object of `vyadhamat`.