महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-24, verse-40

कर्णस्तु केकयान्भ्रातॄन्पञ्च लोहितकध्वजान् ।
द्रोणायाभिमुखं याताञ्शरवर्षैरवारयत् ॥४०॥

40. karṇastu kekayānbhrātṝnpañca lohitakadhvajān ,
droṇāyābhimukhaṁ yātāñśaravarṣairavārayat.

40. karṇaḥ tu kekayān bhrātṝn pañca lohitakadhvajān
droṇāya abhimukham yātān śaravarṣaiḥ avārayat

40. tu karṇaḥ śaravarṣaiḥ pañca lohitakadhvajān
droṇāya abhimukham yātān kekayān bhrātṝn avārayat

40. Karna, however, with showers of arrows, checked the five Kekaya brothers who bore red banners and were advancing towards Drona.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (a proper noun)

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• केकयान् (kekayān) - the Kekayas (a people or their warriors)

• भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - brothers

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• लोहितकध्वजान् (lohitakadhvajān) - having red banners

• द्रोणाय (droṇāya) - to Drona

• अभिमुखम् (abhimukham) - facing, towards

• यातान् (yātān) - those who had gone, advancing

• शरवर्षैः (śaravarṣaiḥ) - with showers of arrows

• अवारयत् (avārayat) - he stopped, checked, prevented

Words meanings and morphology

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (a proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; Karna (name of a prominent warrior in Mahabharata)

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

केकयान् (kekayān) - the Kekayas (a people or their warriors)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kekaya

kekaya - a king of the Kekayas; the Kekayas (people/country)

Note: Objects of the verb 'avārayat'.

भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - brothers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Agrees with 'kekayān'.

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'kekayān bhrātṝn'.

लोहितकध्वजान् (lohitakadhvajān) - having red banners

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of lohitakadhvaja

lohitakadhvaja - having red banners

Compound type : bahuvrihi (lohitaka+dhvaja)

• lohitaka – reddish, red
  adjective
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)

द्रोणाय (droṇāya) - to Drona

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of a teacher/warrior in Mahabharata)

Note: Indicates the direction/recipient of action.

अभिमुखम् (abhimukham) - facing, towards

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayibhava (abhi+mukha)

• abhi – towards, against, over
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Accusative singular neuter of the adjective 'abhimukha' used adverbially.

यातान् (yātān) - those who had gone, advancing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yāta

yāta - gone, gone forth, arrived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yā' (to go).

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'kekayān bhrātṝn'. Often used in an active sense 'having gone'.

शरवर्षैः (śaravarṣaiḥ) - with showers of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows, rain of arrows

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpurusha (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow, reed
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower
  noun (neuter)

Note: 'śaravarṣa' can be masculine or neuter. Here instrumental plural implies masculine or used as an instrument.

अवारयत् (avārayat) - he stopped, checked, prevented

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛ

Imperfect 3rd singular active

Imperfect (laṅ), parasmaipada, 3rd person singular. From causative stem 'vāraya'.

Root: vṛ (class 5)