महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-24, verse-53

अथाप्लुत्य रथात्तूर्णं यूपकेतुरमित्रहा ।
साश्वसूतध्वजरथं तं चकर्त वरासिना ॥५३॥

53. athāplutya rathāttūrṇaṁ yūpaketuramitrahā ,
sāśvasūtadhvajarathaṁ taṁ cakarta varāsinā.

53. atha āplutya rathāt tūrṇam yūpaketuḥ amitrahā
sa-aśva-sūta-dhvaja-ratham tam cakarta vara-asinā

53. atha amitrahā yūpaketuḥ tūrṇam rathāt āplutya,
sa-aśva-sūta-dhvaja-ratham tam vara-asinā cakarta

53. Then, quickly jumping down from his chariot, Yūpaketu (Bhima), the slayer of enemies, chopped that chariot—along with its horses, charioteer, and banner—with an excellent sword.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, next, moreover

• आप्लुत्य (āplutya) - having jumped down, having leapt, having bathed

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• यूपकेतुः (yūpaketuḥ) - Refers to Bhima, whose banner bore the emblem of a `yūpa` (sacrificial post). (Yūpaketu (epithet, often for Bhima))

• अमित्रहा (amitrahā) - slayer of enemies

• स-अश्व-सूत-ध्वज-रथम् (sa-aśva-sūta-dhvaja-ratham) - Refers to the enemy chariot (likely belonging to Saumadatti or another warrior). (along with its horses, charioteer, and banner; chariot having horses, charioteer, and banner)

• तम् (tam) - Refers to the chariot mentioned by the preceding compound `sa-aśva-sūta-dhvaja-ratham`. (that, him, it)

• चकर्त (cakarta) - he cut, he chopped, he carved

• वर-असिना (vara-asinā) - with an excellent sword, with a best sword

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, next, moreover

(indeclinable)

Particle introducing a new sentence or clause.

आप्लुत्य (āplutya) - having jumped down, having leapt, having bathed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from `ā` (towards) + root `√plu` (to float, to swim, to jump) + `lyap` suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: √plu (class 1)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root `√ram` (to delight) or `√rādh` (to prepare).

Note: Denotes separation or origin.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root `√tvar` (to hasten) + `kta` suffix. Used adverbially here in neuter accusative singular.

Root: √tvar (class 1)

Note: Modifies `āplutya`.

यूपकेतुः (yūpaketuḥ) - Refers to Bhima, whose banner bore the emblem of a `yūpa` (sacrificial post). (Yūpaketu (epithet, often for Bhima))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yūpaketu

yūpaketu - one whose banner is a sacrificial post; an epithet for Bhima.

Bahuvrihi compound of `yūpa` (sacrificial post) + `ketu` (banner/emblem).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (yūpa+ketu)

• yūpa – sacrificial post, column
  noun (masculine)
• ketu – banner, flag, emblem, sign; comet
  noun (masculine)
  From root `√kit` (to perceive, observe).
  Root: √kit (class 10)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अमित्रहा (amitrahā) - slayer of enemies

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amitrahantr

amitrahantr - enemy-slayer, killer of foes

Agent noun

Tatpuruṣa compound of `amitra` (enemy) + `hantr` (killer, agent noun from `√han` to strike/kill).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (amitra+hantr)

• amitra – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
  `a` (not) + `mitra` (friend).
• hantr – killer, slayer, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root `√han` (to strike, kill) + `tṛ` suffix.
  Root: √han (class 2)

Note: Appositive to `yūpaketuḥ`.

स-अश्व-सूत-ध्वज-रथम् (sa-aśva-sūta-dhvaja-ratham) - Refers to the enemy chariot (likely belonging to Saumadatti or another warrior). (along with its horses, charioteer, and banner; chariot having horses, charioteer, and banner)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sa-aśva-sūta-dhvaja-ratha

sa-aśva-sūta-dhvaja-ratha - chariot with its horses, charioteer, and banner; that which has horses, charioteer, banner, and a chariot

Bahuvrihi compound: `sa` (with) + `aśva` (horse) + `sūta` (charioteer) + `dhvaja` (banner) + `ratha` (chariot).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+aśva+sūta+dhvaja+ratha)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating accompaniment.
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• sūta – charioteer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √sū (class 2)
• dhvaja – banner, flag
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √dhvaj (class 1)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `cakarta`, directly described by the compound.

तम् (tam) - Refers to the chariot mentioned by the preceding compound `sa-aśva-sūta-dhvaja-ratham`. (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Object of `cakarta`.

चकर्त (cakarta) - he cut, he chopped, he carved

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √kṛt

Perfect Active 3rd Singular

Reduplicated perfect form of root `√kṛt`.

Root: √kṛt (class 6)

Note: The subject is `yūpaketuḥ`.

वर-असिना (vara-asinā) - with an excellent sword, with a best sword

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vara-asi

vara-asi - excellent sword, best sword

Karmadhāraya compound: `vara` (excellent, best) + `asi` (sword).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vara+asi)

• vara – excellent, best, choicest; boon, blessing
  adjective (masculine)
  From `√vṛ` (to choose).
  Root: √vṛ (class 1)
• asi – sword, scimitar
  noun (masculine)

Note: Means by which the action is performed.