महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-24, verse-3

तांस्तु शूरान्महेष्वासान्क्रूरं कर्म चिकीर्षतः ।
दृष्ट्वा दुर्योधनस्तूर्णं स्वसैन्यं समचूचुदत् ॥३॥

3. tāṁstu śūrānmaheṣvāsānkrūraṁ karma cikīrṣataḥ ,
dṛṣṭvā duryodhanastūrṇaṁ svasainyaṁ samacūcudat.

3. tān tu śūrān maheṣvāsān krūram karma cikīrṣataḥ
dṛṣṭvā Duryodhanaḥ tūrṇam sva-sainyam samacūcudat

3. Duryodhanaḥ tūrṇam tān śūrān maheṣvāsān krūram
karma cikīrṣataḥ dṛṣṭvā sva-sainyam samacūcudat

3. Duryodhana, upon seeing those brave great archers who desired to commit cruel deeds, quickly urged on his own army.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those

• तु (tu) - emphasizing the continuation (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• शूरान् (śūrān) - brave ones, heroes

• महेष्वासान् (maheṣvāsān) - great archers, mighty bowmen

• क्रूरम् (krūram) - cruel, fierce, severe

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed, work

• चिकीर्षतः (cikīrṣataḥ) - desiring to do, wishing to perform

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper noun)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• स्व-सैन्यम् (sva-sainyam) - his own army

• समचूचुदत् (samacūcudat) - he urged, he instigated, he impelled

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

तु (tu) - emphasizing the continuation (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

शूरान् (śūrān) - brave ones, heroes

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, heroic, a warrior

महेष्वासान् (maheṣvāsān) - great archers, mighty bowmen

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer, mighty bowman (mahā + iṣu + āsa)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+iṣu+āsa)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• iṣu – arrow, dart
  noun (masculine)
• āsa – throw, cast, shoot (from root as)
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'as' (to throw/shoot) + suffix 'a'.
  Root: as (class 4)

क्रूरम् (krūram) - cruel, fierce, severe

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, severe, harsh

Note: Agrees with karma.

कर्म (karma) - action, deed, work

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual action (karma)

From root 'kṛ' (to do) + suffix 'man'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

चिकीर्षतः (cikīrṣataḥ) - desiring to do, wishing to perform

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of cikīrṣat

cikīrṣat - desiring to do, wishing to perform (from desiderative of kṛ)

Present Active Participle (desiderative)

Desiderative stem from root 'kṛ' (to do), then present active participle suffix 'śatṛ'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) + suffix 'tvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Duryodhana

Duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

Compound: 'dur' (bad, difficult) + 'yodhana' (fighter). 'Difficult to fight against'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior, fighter
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'yudh' (to fight) + suffix 'ana'.
  Root: yudh (class 4)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'tūrṇa' (quick, swift, past participle of 'tvar' 'to hasten').

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

स्व-सैन्यम् (sva-sainyam) - his own army

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sva-sainyam

sva-sainyam - own army

Compound 'sva' (own) + 'sainya' (army).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+sainya)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• sainya – army, host, military
  noun (neuter)
  From 'senā' (army) + suffix 'ya'.

समचूचुदत् (samacūcudat) - he urged, he instigated, he impelled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of cud

Causative, Imperfect Third Person Singular

Causative stem from root 'cud' (to urge), prefixed with 'sam', in imperfect tense. The reduplication 'cūcud' is characteristic of the causative in certain formations.

Prefix: sam

Root: cud (class 10)