महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-24, verse-52

स सौमदत्तेस्त्वरितश्छित्त्वेष्वसनकेतने ।
पुनः पताकां सूतं च छत्रं चापातयद्रथात् ॥५२॥

52. sa saumadattestvaritaśchittveṣvasanaketane ,
punaḥ patākāṁ sūtaṁ ca chatraṁ cāpātayadrathāt.

52. sa saumadatteḥ tvaritaḥ chittvā iṣvāsana-ketane
punaḥ patākām sūtam ca chatram ca apātayat rathāt

52. sa tvaritaḥ saumadatteḥ iṣvāsana-ketane chittvā,
punaḥ patākām ca sūtam ca chatram ca rathāt apātayat

52. He (Arjuna) quickly cut the bow and banner of Saumadatti. Moreover, he also made the banner, charioteer, and umbrella fall from the chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Refers to Arjuna. (he, that)

• सौमदत्तेः (saumadatteḥ) - of Saumadatti, of Bhuriśravas

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift, quick, hasty

• छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut, having severed, having broken

• इष्वासन-केतने (iṣvāsana-ketane) - bow and banner

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but

• पताकाम् (patākām) - banner, flag, standard

• सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer, driver

• च (ca) - and

• छत्रम् (chatram) - umbrella, parasol

• च (ca) - and

• अपातयत् (apātayat) - he caused to fall, he threw down

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Refers to Arjuna. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

सौमदत्तेः (saumadatteḥ) - of Saumadatti, of Bhuriśravas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saumadatti

saumadatti - son of Somadatta; Bhuriśravas (a Kaurava warrior)

Patronymic from `somadatta`. `i-stem` noun.

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift, quick, hasty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - quick, swift, hastened, hurried, prompt

Past Passive Participle

From root `√tvar` (to hasten) + `kta` suffix.

Root: √tvar (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `sa`.

छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut, having severed, having broken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root `√chid` (to cut, cleave) + `ktvā` suffix.

Root: √chid (class 7)

Note: Expresses a preceding action.

इष्वासन-केतने (iṣvāsana-ketane) - bow and banner

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of iṣvāsana-ketana

iṣvāsana-ketana - bow and banner; a banner with a bow emblem

Dvandva compound of `iṣvāsana` (bow) and `ketana` (banner).

Compound type : dvandva (iṣvāsana+ketana)

• iṣvāsana – bow, archery
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of `iṣu` (arrow) and `āsana` (seat/place), referring to a bow as the place for arrows.
• ketana – banner, flag, emblem, sign
  noun (neuter)
  From root `√kit` (to perceive, observe).
  Root: √kit (class 10)

Note: Object of `chittvā`.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but

(indeclinable)

पताकाम् (patākām) - banner, flag, standard

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patākā

patākā - banner, flag, standard; main plot (in drama)

`ā-stem` noun.

Root: √pat (class 1)

Note: Object of `apātayat`.

सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer, driver

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, driver; bard, minstrel; a mixed caste

From root `√sū` (to impel, to drive).

Root: √sū (class 2)

Note: Object of `apātayat`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects `patākām` and `sūtam`.

छत्रम् (chatram) - umbrella, parasol

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of chatra

chatra - umbrella, parasol; canopy; mushroom

Root: √chad (class 1)

Note: Object of `apātayat`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects `sūtam` and `chatram`.

अपातयत् (apātayat) - he caused to fall, he threw down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pātaya

Imperfect Active 3rd Singular

Causative stem of root `√pat` (to fall) + `a` augment + imperfect ending.

Root: √pat (class 1)

Note: The subject is `sa` (Arjuna).

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root `√ram` (to delight) or `√rādh` (to prepare).

Note: Denotes separation or source.