महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-170, verse-57

तदस्त्रं द्रोणपुत्रस्य तस्मिन्प्रतिसमस्यति ।
अवर्धत महाराज यथाग्निरनिलोद्धतः ॥५७॥

57. tadastraṁ droṇaputrasya tasminpratisamasyati ,
avardhata mahārāja yathāgniraniloddhataḥ.

57. tat astraṃ droṇaputrasya tasmin pratisamasyati
avardhata mahārāja yathā agniḥ aniloddhataḥ

57. mahārāja droṇaputrasya tat astraṃ tasmin
pratisamasyati avardhata yathā aniloddhataḥ agniḥ

57. O Great King, as that weapon (astra) of Droṇa's son (Aśvatthāman) encountered him (Bhīma), it intensified just like fire fanned by the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (weapon) (that, that one, its)

• अस्त्रं (astraṁ) - The divine or magical weapon (astra) used by Aśvatthāman (weapon, missile, magical weapon)

• द्रोणपुत्रस्य (droṇaputrasya) - Of Aśvatthāman, the son of the teacher Droṇa (of Droṇa's son, of Aśvatthāman)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in/on Bhīmasena (as the target of the weapon) (in that, on that, with respect to him)

• प्रतिसमस्यति (pratisamasyati) - as the weapon (astra) impacted or came in contact with him (Bhīma) (it comes into contact, it meets)

• अवर्धत (avardhata) - the weapon (astra) intensified its power (it grew, it increased, it became mighty)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O Great King!)

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire

• अनिलोद्धतः (aniloddhataḥ) - (fire) stimulated and made to grow by wind (fanned by wind, raised by wind)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (weapon) (that, that one, its)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

अस्त्रं (astraṁ) - The divine or magical weapon (astra) used by Aśvatthāman (weapon, missile, magical weapon)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile, dart (often divine or magical)

From root 'as' (to throw) + 'tra' (instrumental suffix).

Root: as (class 4)

द्रोणपुत्रस्य (droṇaputrasya) - Of Aśvatthāman, the son of the teacher Droṇa (of Droṇa's son, of Aśvatthāman)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman)

Tatpuruṣa compound 'droṇa' (Droṇa) + 'putra' (son).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a preceptor), a wooden vessel
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'astraṃ'.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in/on Bhīmasena (as the target of the weapon) (in that, on that, with respect to him)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रतिसमस्यति (pratisamasyati) - as the weapon (astra) impacted or came in contact with him (Bhīma) (it comes into contact, it meets)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pratisamas

Present Active

3rd person singular, Present Tense, Parasmaipada

Prefixes: prati+sam

Root: as (class 4)

अवर्धत (avardhata) - the weapon (astra) intensified its power (it grew, it increased, it became mighty)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛdh

Imperfect Middle

3rd person singular, Imperfect Tense, Ātmanepada

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

महाराज (mahārāja) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O Great King!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Karmadhāraya compound 'mahat' (great) + 'rājan' (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large, mighty, important
  adjective (neuter)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, god of fire (Agni)

From root 'ag' (to move crookedly) or 'añj' (to shine).

Note: Subject in the simile.

अनिलोद्धतः (aniloddhataḥ) - (fire) stimulated and made to grow by wind (fanned by wind, raised by wind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aniloddhata

aniloddhata - raised by wind, fanned by wind, agitated by wind

Tatpuruṣa compound 'anila' (wind) + 'uddhata' (raised, fanned). 'uddhata' is a past passive participle of 'ud-han'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anila+uddhata)

• anila – wind, air, god of wind
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)
• uddhata – raised, lifted, fanned, agitated
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' (to strike, to move) with prefix 'ud'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'agniḥ'.