महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-170, verse-21

यथा यथा ह्ययुध्यन्त पाण्डवानां महारथाः ।
तथा तथा तदस्त्रं वै व्यवर्धत जनाधिप ॥२१॥

21. yathā yathā hyayudhyanta pāṇḍavānāṁ mahārathāḥ ,
tathā tathā tadastraṁ vai vyavardhata janādhipa.

21. yathā yathā hi ayudhyanta pāṇḍavānām mahārathāḥ
tathā tathā tat astram vai vyavardhata janādhipa

21. janādhip yathā yathā pāṇḍavānām mahārathāḥ hi
ayudhyanta tathā tathā tat astram vai vyavardhata

21. O ruler of men, the more the great charioteers of the Pandavas fought, the more that weapon indeed grew.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - as, whenever (introducing a correlative clause) (as, just as, in whichever way)

• यथा (yathā) - as, whenever (used for repetition to mean 'the more') (as, just as, in whichever way)

• हि (hi) - indeed (emphatic particle) (indeed, for, because)

• अयुध्यन्त (ayudhyanta) - they fought

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, mighty warriors

• तथा (tathā) - so, accordingly (introducing a correlative clause) (so, thus, in that way)

• तथा (tathā) - so, accordingly (used for repetition to mean 'the more') (so, thus, in that way)

• तत् (tat) - that

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - the divine weapon (astra) (weapon, missile (astra))

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

• व्यवर्धत (vyavardhata) - it grew, it increased

• जनाधिप (janādhipa) - Addressing Dhritarashtra. (O ruler of men, O king)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - as, whenever (introducing a correlative clause) (as, just as, in whichever way)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb.

Note: Used correlatively with 'tathā'.

यथा (yathā) - as, whenever (used for repetition to mean 'the more') (as, just as, in whichever way)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb.

Note: Repetition 'yathā yathā' indicates 'as... as', or 'the more... the more'.

हि (hi) - indeed (emphatic particle) (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle.

अयुध्यन्त (ayudhyanta) - they fought

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

Imperfect active

3rd person plural, middle voice (or active, depends on root class and usage), imperfect tense, with augment 'a-'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject is 'mahārathāḥ'.

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu, a Pandava

From Pāṇḍu + aṇ affix.

Note: Possessive, 'of the Pandavas'.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, mighty warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, mighty warrior, hero capable of fighting many thousands of warriors

Compound of mahā (great) + ratha (chariot/charioteer).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'ayudhyanta'.

तथा (tathā) - so, accordingly (introducing a correlative clause) (so, thus, in that way)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb.

Note: Used correlatively with 'yathā'.

तथा (tathā) - so, accordingly (used for repetition to mean 'the more') (so, thus, in that way)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb.

Note: Repetition 'tathā tathā' indicates 'so... so', or 'the more... the more'.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'vyavardhata'.

अस्त्रम् (astram) - the divine weapon (astra) (weapon, missile (astra))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile (especially one discharged by spells or divine power)

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'vyavardhata'.

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

व्यवर्धत (vyavardhata) - it grew, it increased

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛdh

Imperfect middle

From vi- + ava- + √vṛdh (to grow). 3rd person singular, imperfect tense, middle voice.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'astram'.

जनाधिप (janādhipa) - Addressing Dhritarashtra. (O ruler of men, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - ruler of men, king, lord of people

Compound of jana (people) + adhipa (ruler).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+adhipa)

• jana – person, people, mankind
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi-√pā (to protect, rule).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra by Sanjaya.