महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-79, verse-8

तवापराधात्सुमहान्सपुत्रस्य विशां पते ।
पृथिव्याः प्रक्षयो घोरो यमराष्ट्रविवर्धनः ॥८॥

8. tavāparādhātsumahānsaputrasya viśāṁ pate ,
pṛthivyāḥ prakṣayo ghoro yamarāṣṭravivardhanaḥ.

8. tava aparādhāt sumahān saputrasya viśām pate
pṛthivyāḥ prakṣayaḥ ghoraḥ yamarāṣṭravivardhanaḥ

8. viśām pate tava aparādhāt saputrasya sumahān
ghoraḥ pṛthivyāḥ prakṣayaḥ yamarāṣṭravivardhanaḥ

8. O lord of the people, due to your great offense—and that of your sons—there is a truly immense and terrible destruction of the earth, one that expands the realm of Yama.

Words meanings summery:

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• अपराधात् (aparādhāt) - from an offense, due to a fault

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, immense

• सपुत्रस्य (saputrasya) - referring to the king, meaning 'you and your sons' (of one with sons, along with sons)

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - O master, O lord

• पृथिव्याः (pṛthivyāḥ) - of the earth

• प्रक्षयः (prakṣayaḥ) - destruction, annihilation, decay

• घोरः (ghoraḥ) - terrible, dreadful, fearful

• यमराष्ट्रविवर्धनः (yamarāṣṭravivardhanaḥ) - increasing the realm of Yama

Words meanings and morphology

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Variant of the genitive singular for 'you'.

अपराधात् (aparādhāt) - from an offense, due to a fault

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of aparādha

aparādha - offense, fault, crime, transgression

Prefix: apa

Root: rādh (class 5)

सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, immense

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large, immense

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'prakṣayaḥ'.

सपुत्रस्य (saputrasya) - referring to the king, meaning 'you and your sons' (of one with sons, along with sons)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saputra

saputra - accompanied by sons, having sons

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+putra)

• sa – with, accompanied by, together with
  indeclinable
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with an implied 'you' (the king), forming part of the 'reason' clause.

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, clan, community

Note: Part of the vocative compound 'viśām pate'.

पते (pate) - O master, O lord

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - master, lord, husband, owner

Note: Forms a compound with 'viśām' meaning 'lord of the people'.

पृथिव्याः (pṛthivyāḥ) - of the earth

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground

प्रक्षयः (prakṣayaḥ) - destruction, annihilation, decay

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prakṣaya

prakṣaya - destruction, annihilation, end, loss

Prefix: pra

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: The main subject of the sentence.

घोरः (ghoraḥ) - terrible, dreadful, fearful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fearful, formidable

Note: Agrees with 'prakṣayaḥ'.

यमराष्ट्रविवर्धनः (yamarāṣṭravivardhanaḥ) - increasing the realm of Yama

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yamarāṣṭravivardhana

yamarāṣṭravivardhana - increasing the realm of Yama

Compound type : tatpurusha (yama+rāṣṭra+vivardhana)

• yama – Yama (the god of death)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)
• vivardhana – increasing, promoting, causing to grow
  adjective
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  Derived from verb 'vardh' with prefix 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'prakṣayaḥ'.