महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-79, verse-50

स शरः प्रेषितस्तेन गरुत्मानिव वेगवान् ।
मद्रराजं विनिर्भिद्य निपपात महीतले ॥५०॥

50. sa śaraḥ preṣitastena garutmāniva vegavān ,
madrarājaṁ vinirbhidya nipapāta mahītale.

50. saḥ śaraḥ preṣitaḥ tena garutmān iva vegavān
madrarājam vinirbhidya nipapāta mahītale

50. tena preṣitaḥ saḥ vegavān śaraḥ garutmān
iva madrarājam vinirbhidya mahītale nipapāta

50. That swift arrow, shot by him, was like Garuḍa in its speed; having pierced the king of Madras, it then fell to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• शरः (śaraḥ) - arrow

• प्रेषितः (preṣitaḥ) - dispatched, sent, shot

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• गरुत्मान् (garutmān) - Garuḍa (mythical bird), winged one

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

• वेगवान् (vegavān) - swift, fast, impetuous

• मद्रराजम् (madrarājam) - the king of Madras

• विनिर्भिद्य (vinirbhidya) - having pierced, having split apart

• निपपात (nipapāta) - it fell down, it alighted

• महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground, on the surface of the earth

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शरः (śaraḥ) - arrow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow, reed, dart

प्रेषितः (preṣitaḥ) - dispatched, sent, shot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of preṣita

preṣita - dispatched, sent forth, directed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'iṣ' (to send) with upasarga 'pra' and past passive participle suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: iṣ (class 4)

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गरुत्मान् (garutmān) - Garuḍa (mythical bird), winged one

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of garumat

garumat - winged, bird, Garuḍa

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

वेगवान् (vegavān) - swift, fast, impetuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vegavat

vegavat - swift, quick, impetuous, having speed

Possessive suffix -vat indicating 'having speed (vega)'.

मद्रराजम् (madrarājam) - the king of Madras

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of the Madras (a historical kingdom in ancient India)

Compound type : tatpurusha (madra+rāja)

• madra – Madra (a country/people)
  proper noun (neuter)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

विनिर्भिद्य (vinirbhidya) - having pierced, having split apart

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root 'bhid' (to split) with upasargas 'vi' and 'nir' and absolutive suffix '-ya'.

Prefixes: vi+nir

Root: bhid (class 7)

निपपात (nipapāta) - it fell down, it alighted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of pat

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, perfect tense of 'ni-pat'.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground, on the surface of the earth

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahītala

mahītala - ground, surface of the earth

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+tala)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, ground, plain, base
  noun (neuter)