महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-79, verse-21

तस्मिन्निपतिते भूमौ गतसत्त्वेऽथ सारथौ ।
रथः प्रदुद्राव दिशः समुद्भ्रान्तहयस्ततः ॥२१॥

21. tasminnipatite bhūmau gatasattve'tha sārathau ,
rathaḥ pradudrāva diśaḥ samudbhrāntahayastataḥ.

21. tasmin nipatite bhūmau gatasattve atha sārathau
rathaḥ pradudrāva diśaḥ samudbhrāntahayaḥ tataḥ

21. atha tasmin gatasattve sārathau bhūmau nipatite
tataḥ samudbhrāntahayaḥ rathaḥ diśaḥ pradudrāva

21. When that charioteer had fallen lifeless on the ground, then the chariot, its horses completely bewildered, fled in all directions.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - (referring to the charioteer) (in that, upon that)

• निपतिते (nipatite) - fallen, having fallen

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• गतसत्त्वे (gatasattve) - whose life had departed, lifeless, unconscious

• अथ (atha) - then, next, thereupon

• सारथौ (sārathau) - the charioteer

• रथः (rathaḥ) - the chariot

• प्रदुद्राव (pradudrāva) - ran forth, fled away

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - in all directions (directions)

• समुद्भ्रान्तहयः (samudbhrāntahayaḥ) - whose horses were bewildered, with scattered horses

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that (cause)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - (referring to the charioteer) (in that, upon that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, modifying 'sārathau'.

निपतिते (nipatite) - fallen, having fallen

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nipatita

nipatita - fallen, alighted, descended

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `pat` (to fall) with prefix `ni` and `kta` suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, modifying 'sārathau'.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

गतसत्त्वे (gatasattve) - whose life had departed, lifeless, unconscious

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gatasattva

gatasattva - lifeless, unconscious, dead (literally, 'whose being/life has gone')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+sattva)

• gata – gone, departed, passed away
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `gam` (to go) with `kta` suffix.
  Root: gam (class 1)
• sattva – being, existence, life; essence, nature
  noun (neuter)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, modifying 'sārathau'.

अथ (atha) - then, next, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the consequence or subsequent event.

सारथौ (sārathau) - the charioteer

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

Note: Head noun of the locative absolute construction.

रथः (rathaḥ) - the chariot

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, carriage

Note: Subject of 'pradudrāva'.

प्रदुद्राव (pradudrāva) - ran forth, fled away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dru

Perfect active 3rd person singular form of root `dru` with prefix `pra`.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

दिशः (diśaḥ) - in all directions (directions)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Note: Used adverbially to indicate 'in all directions'.

समुद्भ्रान्तहयः (samudbhrāntahayaḥ) - whose horses were bewildered, with scattered horses

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samudbhrāntahaya

samudbhrāntahaya - whose horses are greatly bewildered/scattered

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (samudbhrānta+haya)

• samudbhrānta – greatly bewildered, scattered, confused
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `bhram` (to wander) with prefixes `sam` and `ud` and `kta` suffix.
  Prefixes: sam+ud
  Root: bhram (class 1)
• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'rathaḥ'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that (cause)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the cause (charioteer falling) to the effect (chariot fleeing).