महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-79, verse-5

गङ्गायाः सुरनद्या वै स्वादुभूतं यथोदकम् ।
महोदधिगुणाभ्यासाल्लवणत्वं निगच्छति ॥५॥

5. gaṅgāyāḥ suranadyā vai svādubhūtaṁ yathodakam ,
mahodadhiguṇābhyāsāllavaṇatvaṁ nigacchati.

5. Gaṅgāyāḥ suranadyā vai svādubhūtaṃ yathā udakam
mahodadhiguṇābhyāsāt lavaṇatvaṃ nigacchati

5. yathā Gaṅgāyāḥ suranadyā vai svādubhūtaṃ udakam
mahodadhiguṇābhyāsāt lavaṇatvaṃ nigacchati

5. Just as the inherently sweet water of the divine river (suranadyā) Gaṅgā, by repeatedly associating with and acquiring the qualities (guṇa) of the great ocean (mahodadhi), certainly (vai) attains saltiness.

Words meanings summery:

• गङ्गायाः (gaṅgāyāḥ) - of the Gaṅgā

• सुरनद्या (suranadyā) - Referring to the Gaṅgā river. Grammatically, suranadyā is instrumental or ablative singular. However, contextually, it functions as a genitive singular modifying 'water', parallel to Gaṅgāyāḥ. This is a poetic usage of the ā ending for ī stem genitive/ablative. (of the divine river)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

• स्वादुभूतं (svādubhūtaṁ) - sweet, sweet-tasting, having become sweet

• यथा (yathā) - according to, as per

• उदकम् (udakam) - water

• महोदधिगुणाभ्यासात् (mahodadhiguṇābhyāsāt) - from the repeated association with the qualities of the great ocean

• लवणत्वं (lavaṇatvaṁ) - saltiness, the state of being salty

• निगच्छति (nigacchati) - it attains, it reaches, it becomes

Words meanings and morphology

गङ्गायाः (gaṅgāyāḥ) - of the Gaṅgā

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of Gaṅgā

Gaṅgā - The river Ganges, a holy river.

सुरनद्या (suranadyā) - Referring to the Gaṅgā river. Grammatically, suranadyā is instrumental or ablative singular. However, contextually, it functions as a genitive singular modifying 'water', parallel to Gaṅgāyāḥ. This is a poetic usage of the ā ending for ī stem genitive/ablative. (of the divine river)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of suranadī

suranadī - river of the gods, divine river (often referring to Gaṅgā)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sura+nadī)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)

Note: Used as genitive singular by poetic license in this context.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

(indeclinable)

स्वादुभूतं (svādubhūtaṁ) - sweet, sweet-tasting, having become sweet

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svādubhūta

svādubhūta - sweet, sweet-tasting, having become sweet

Past Passive Participle (secondary derivative)

Formed from svādu (sweet) and bhūta (become/being). svādu is an adjective, bhūta is PPP of bhū. Here svādubhūta acts as an adjective.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (svādu+bhūta)

• svādu – sweet, delicious
  adjective (neuter)
• bhūta – become, existed, past
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'udakam'.

यथा (yathā) - according to, as per

(indeclinable)

उदकम् (udakam) - water

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udaka

udaka - water

Root: und (class 1)

महोदधिगुणाभ्यासात् (mahodadhiguṇābhyāsāt) - from the repeated association with the qualities of the great ocean

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of mahodadhiguṇābhyāsa

mahodadhiguṇābhyāsa - repeated association with the qualities of the great ocean

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+udadhi+guṇa+abhyāsa)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• udadhi – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• abhyāsa – practice, repetition, acquisition, study
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: abhi+ā
  Root: as (class 2)

लवणत्वं (lavaṇatvaṁ) - saltiness, the state of being salty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of lavaṇatva

lavaṇatva - saltiness, the state of being salty

Derived from lavaṇa (salt) with tva suffix (abstract noun).

निगच्छति (nigacchati) - it attains, it reaches, it becomes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of gam

Present Active

ni prefix + gam root.

Prefix: ni

Root: gam (class 1)