महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-79, verse-6

तथा तत्पौरुषं राजंस्तावकानां महात्मनाम् ।
प्राप्य पाण्डुसुतान्वीरान्व्यर्थं भवति संयुगे ॥६॥

6. tathā tatpauruṣaṁ rājaṁstāvakānāṁ mahātmanām ,
prāpya pāṇḍusutānvīrānvyarthaṁ bhavati saṁyuge.

6. tathā tat pauruṣaṃ rājan tāvakānāṃ mahātmanām
prāpya pāṇḍusutān vīrān vyarthaṃ bhavati saṃyuge

6. rājan tathā mahātmanām tāvakānāṃ tat pauruṣaṃ
vīrān pāṇḍusutān prāpya saṃyuge vyarthaṃ bhavati

6. Likewise, O king, the valor (pauruṣaṃ) of your great-souled (mahātmanām) men (tāvakānām), upon encountering the heroic sons of Pāṇḍu (pāṇḍusutān), becomes futile (vyarthaṃ) in battle (saṃyuge).

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise, so

• तत् (tat) - Referring to the valor mentioned in the previous verse. (that, such)

• पौरुषं (pauruṣaṁ) - manliness, valor, heroism, human effort

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O king)

• तावकानां (tāvakānāṁ) - Of the Kaurava warriors. (of your men, of your sons)

• महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - Modifies tāvakānām, referring to the Kaurava warriors. (of the great-souled ones, of the noble ones)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained, having reached, having encountered

• पाण्डुसुतान् (pāṇḍusutān) - Refers to the five Pandava brothers. (the sons of Pāṇḍu (Pandavas))

• वीरान् (vīrān) - Modifies pāṇḍusutān. (the brave ones, the heroes)

• व्यर्थं (vyarthaṁ) - futile, useless, in vain

• भवति (bhavati) - it becomes, it exists

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat, in conjunction

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise, so

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - Referring to the valor mentioned in the previous verse. (that, such)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Can also be accusative singular neuter.

पौरुषं (pauruṣaṁ) - manliness, valor, heroism, human effort

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pauruṣa

pauruṣa - manliness, valor, heroism, human effort, pertaining to a man (puruṣa)

Derived from puruṣa with aṇ suffix.

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

तावकानां (tāvakānāṁ) - Of the Kaurava warriors. (of your men, of your sons)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, relating to you, your men

tāvaka is derived from tvad (you).

महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - Modifies tāvakānām, referring to the Kaurava warriors. (of the great-souled ones, of the noble ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, possessing a great self (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained, having reached, having encountered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

pra prefix + āp root + lyap suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

पाण्डुसुतान् (pāṇḍusutān) - Refers to the five Pandava brothers. (the sons of Pāṇḍu (Pandavas))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍusuta

pāṇḍusuta - son of Pāṇḍu, Pandava

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+suta)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (father of Pandavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sū (class 2)

वीरान् (vīrān) - Modifies pāṇḍusutān. (the brave ones, the heroes)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - brave, heroic, hero, warrior

Root: vī

व्यर्थं (vyarthaṁ) - futile, useless, in vain

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyartha

vyartha - useless, vain, ineffectual, meaningless

vi (without) + artha (purpose).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (vi+artha)

• vi – without, apart
  indeclinable
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Can also be accusative singular neuter, here it modifies the subject 'pauruṣam'.

भवति (bhavati) - it becomes, it exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

Present Active

Root: bhū (class 1)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat, in conjunction

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, conjunction, union

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)