महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-79, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
बहूनीह विचित्राणि द्वैरथानि स्म संजय ।
पाण्डूनां मामकैः सार्धमश्रौषं तव जल्पतः ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
bahūnīha vicitrāṇi dvairathāni sma saṁjaya ,
pāṇḍūnāṁ māmakaiḥ sārdhamaśrauṣaṁ tava jalpataḥ.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca bahūni iha vicitrāṇi dvairathāni sma
saṃjaya pāṇḍūnām māmakaiḥ sārdham aśrauṣam tava jalpataḥ

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca saṃjaya iha pāṇḍūnām māmakaiḥ sārdham
bahūni vicitrāṇi dvairathāni sma tava jalpataḥ aśrauṣam

1. Dhritarashtra said: "O Sañjaya, I have indeed heard you describe many strange and varied single combats (dvairatha) here, between the Pāṇḍavas and my own warriors."

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king, father of the Kauravas. (Dhritarashtra (name of the blind king))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• बहूनि (bahūni) - many (many, numerous)

• इह (iha) - here (referring to the battlefield/context of narration) (here, in this world, in this matter)

• विचित्राणि (vicitrāṇi) - strange and varied (varied, strange, wonderful, diverse)

• द्वैरथानि (dvairathāni) - single combats (between chariots/charioteers) (single combats between charioteers, chariot duels)

• स्म (sma) - indeed (indeed, certainly, (particle indicating past tense with present verbs))

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (the narrator) (O Sañjaya (name))

• पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the sons of Pāṇḍu (of the Pāṇḍavas)

• मामकैः (māmakaiḥ) - with my own (sons/warriors), referring to the Kauravas (by my people, with my own (men))

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with (with, together with, along with)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard (I heard, I listened)

• तव (tava) - your (referring to Sañjaya) (your, of you)

• जल्पतः (jalpataḥ) - while speaking/narrating (speaking, talking, narrating (genitive singular))

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king, father of the Kauravas. (Dhritarashtra (name of the blind king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (name of a king)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `dhṛ` (to hold) + `kta` suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect formation of `vac`.

Root: vac (class 2)

बहूनि (bahūni) - many (many, numerous)

(adjective)

neuter, plural of bahu

bahu - many, numerous, much

Note: Agrees with `dvairathāni`.

इह (iha) - here (referring to the battlefield/context of narration) (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial.

विचित्राणि (vicitrāṇi) - strange and varied (varied, strange, wonderful, diverse)

(adjective)

neuter, plural of vicitra

vicitra - varied, strange, wonderful, diverse

From prefix `vi` + root `citra` (picture, variegated).

Prefix: vi

Root: citr

Note: Agrees with `dvairathāni`.

द्वैरथानि (dvairathāni) - single combats (between chariots/charioteers) (single combats between charioteers, chariot duels)

(noun)

neuter, plural of dvairatha

dvairatha - single combat between chariots, chariot duel

Derived from `dvi` (two) + `ratha` (chariot), probably via `dviratha` + `aṇ` suffix.

Note: Object of `aśrauṣam`.

स्म (sma) - indeed (indeed, certainly, (particle indicating past tense with present verbs))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle here, also used to convert present tense verbs to past tense, but `aśrauṣam` is already past.

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (the narrator) (O Sañjaya (name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (name of Vyasa's charioteer and narrator)

Note: Direct address.

पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the sons of Pāṇḍu (of the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pāṇḍu (name of a king); pale, yellowish white

From `pāṇḍu` (king) + `aṇ` (descendant of).

Note: Possessive, indicating relation to the combats.

मामकैः (māmakaiḥ) - with my own (sons/warriors), referring to the Kauravas (by my people, with my own (men))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of māmak

māmak - my own, belonging to me, my people

From `mama` (my) + `ka` suffix.

Note: Used with `sārdham`.

सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with (with, together with, along with)

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the instrumental case `māmakaiḥ`.

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard (I heard, I listened)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of śru

Aorist tense, Parasmaipada, 1st person singular

From root `śru` (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Subject is implied 'I' (Dhritarashtra).

तव (tava) - your (referring to Sañjaya) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Qualifies `jalpataḥ`.

जल्पतः (jalpataḥ) - while speaking/narrating (speaking, talking, narrating (genitive singular))

(verbal adjective)

Note: Modifies the implied subject of `tava`.