महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-79, verse-38

तामापतन्तीं सहसा हेमदण्डां सुवेगिताम् ।
त्रिधा चिच्छेद नृपतिः सा व्यकीर्यत मेदिनीम् ॥३८॥

38. tāmāpatantīṁ sahasā hemadaṇḍāṁ suvegitām ,
tridhā ciccheda nṛpatiḥ sā vyakīryata medinīm.

38. tām āpatantīm sahasā hema-daṇḍām su-vegitām
tridhā ciccheda nṛpatiḥ sā vyakīryata medinīm

38. nṛpatiḥ sahasā āpatantīm hema-daṇḍām su-vegitām
tām tridhā ciccheda sā medinīm vyakīryata

38. The king (Bhagadatta) swiftly cut that rapidly approaching spear (śakti) with its golden shaft into three parts. It then scattered across the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that spear (śakti) (that (feminine), her)

• आपतन्तीम् (āpatantīm) - approaching, falling swiftly

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, swiftly, forcefully

• हेम-दण्डाम् (hema-daṇḍām) - having a golden shaft

• सु-वेगिताम् (su-vegitām) - very swift, rapidly moving

• त्रिधा (tridhā) - in three ways, into three parts

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - cut, broke, divided

• नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - Bhagadatta, the king of Pragjyotisha (king, ruler)

• सा (sā) - that (shattered) spear (she, that (feminine))

• व्यकीर्यत (vyakīryata) - was scattered, dispersed

• मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - on the earth, ground

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that spear (śakti) (that (feminine), her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आपतन्तीम् (āpatantīm) - approaching, falling swiftly

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āpatantī

āpatantī - approaching, falling, descending rapidly

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'pat' (to fall) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, swiftly, forcefully

(indeclinable)

हेम-दण्डाम् (hema-daṇḍām) - having a golden shaft

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of hemadaṇḍā

hemadaṇḍā - having a golden shaft/handle

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hema+daṇḍa)

• hema – gold
  noun (neuter)
• daṇḍa – staff, rod, shaft, handle
  noun (masculine)

सु-वेगिताम् (su-vegitām) - very swift, rapidly moving

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of suvegitā

suvegitā - very swift, very fast

Past Passive Participle + prefix

Derived from 'vega' (speed) with the intensive prefix 'su-'.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+vegitā)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• vegitā – swift, quick, moved by speed
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'vij' or 'veg' (to move quickly).
  Root: vij (class 6)

त्रिधा (tridhā) - in three ways, into three parts

(indeclinable)

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - cut, broke, divided

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of chid

Root: chid (class 7)

नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - Bhagadatta, the king of Pragjyotisha (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

सा (sā) - that (shattered) spear (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

व्यकीर्यत (vyakīryata) - was scattered, dispersed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperfect (laṅ) of vikīrya

From root 'kī' (to scatter) with prefix 'vi'. Used in passive voice.

Prefix: vi

Root: kī (class 9)

मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - on the earth, ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of medinī

medinī - the earth, ground, soil

Note: Accusative indicating motion or spread over a surface.