महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-79, verse-45

ततः प्रहस्य समरे नकुलस्य महारथः ।
अश्वान्वै चतुरो राजंश्चतुर्भिः सायकोत्तमैः ।
प्रेषयामास समरे यमस्य सदनं प्रति ॥४५॥

45. tataḥ prahasya samare nakulasya mahārathaḥ ,
aśvānvai caturo rājaṁścaturbhiḥ sāyakottamaiḥ ,
preṣayāmāsa samare yamasya sadanaṁ prati.

45. tataḥ prahasya samare nakulasya
mahārathaḥ aśvān vai caturaḥ rājan
caturbhiḥ sāyakottamaiḥ
preṣayāmāsa samare yamasya sadanam prati

45. tataḥ rājan samare prahasya
nakulasya mahārathaḥ caturbhiḥ
sāyakottamaiḥ aśvān vai caturaḥ samare
yamasya sadanam prati preṣayāmāsa

45. Then, O King, the great charioteer (mahāratha) belonging to Nakula, laughing loudly (prahasya) in battle, used four excellent arrows to send his four horses to the abode (sadana) of Yama in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• प्रहस्य (prahasya) - laughing loudly (having laughed, by laughing)

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• नकुलस्य (nakulasya) - of Nakula

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, great charioteer

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

• राजन् (rājan) - O King!

• चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four

• सायकोत्तमैः (sāyakottamaiḥ) - by excellent arrows

• प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - he sent, dispatched

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama

• सदनम् (sadanam) - abode, dwelling, house

• प्रति (prati) - towards, to, against

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

Ablative adverbial form of 'tad'.

प्रहस्य (prahasya) - laughing loudly (having laughed, by laughing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix 'pra' and root 'has' (to laugh) + suffix -ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ

नकुलस्य (nakulasya) - of Nakula

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (proper name, one of the Pandavas), mongoose

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, great charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great chariot, great charioteer, great warrior (capable of fighting ten thousand warriors)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car, warrior (in chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of preṣayāmāsa.

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse, mare

Note: Object of preṣayāmāsa.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

(numeral)

Note: Adjective to aśvān.

राजन् (rājan) - O King!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four

(numeral)

Note: Adjective to sāyakottamaiḥ.

सायकोत्तमैः (sāyakottamaiḥ) - by excellent arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sāyakottama

sāyakottama - best arrow, excellent arrow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāyaka+uttama)

• sāyaka – arrow, dart, missile
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √si (to bind, send forth).
  Root: si (class 5)
• uttama – best, highest, supreme, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: ut

Note: Instrument by which the horses were sent.

प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - he sent, dispatched

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of pra-iṣ

Causative, Perfect Tense

From prefix 'pra' and root 'iṣ' (to send), in causative formation, and perfect tense (āmāsa form).

Prefix: pra

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ

यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yama

yama - Yama (proper name, god of death), twin, restraint

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Possessive for sadanam.

सदनम् (sadanam) - abode, dwelling, house

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sadana

sadana - abode, dwelling, seat, house

From root √sad (to sit, settle).

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Object of prati.

प्रति (prati) - towards, to, against

(indeclinable)