महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-139, verse-21

यदि जानाति मां राजा धर्मात्मा संशितव्रतः ।
कुन्त्याः प्रथमजं पुत्रं न स राज्यं ग्रहीष्यति ॥२१॥

21. yadi jānāti māṁ rājā dharmātmā saṁśitavrataḥ ,
kuntyāḥ prathamajaṁ putraṁ na sa rājyaṁ grahīṣyati.

21. yadi jānāti māṃ rājā dharmātmā saṃśitavrataḥ
kuntyāḥ prathamajaṃ putraṃ na saḥ rājyaṃ grahīṣyati

21. yadi dharmātmā saṃśitavrataḥ rājā kuntyāḥ prathamajaṃ putraṃ māṃ jānāti,
saḥ rājyaṃ na grahīṣyati

21. If the king, who possesses a righteous nature (dharma) and is firm in his vows, knows me to be Kuntī's first-born son, he will not seize the kingdom.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case

• जानाति (jānāti) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra knowing Karna's true parentage. (he knows)

• माम् (mām) - Refers to Karna (the speaker). (me)

• राजा (rājā) - Refers to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (the king)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - Describes King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (righteous-souled, whose nature (dharma) is goodness)

• संशितव्रतः (saṁśitavrataḥ) - Describes King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (of firm vows, whose vows are sharpened)

• कुन्त्याः (kuntyāḥ) - Kuntī, the mother of the Pāṇḍavas and Karna. (of Kuntī)

• प्रथमजम् (prathamajam) - Describes Karna. (first-born)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - Refers to Karna. (son)

• न (na) - not

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (he)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - Refers to the kingdom of Hastinapura. (kingdom, sovereignty)

• ग्रहीष्यति (grahīṣyati) - he will take, he will seize

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if, in case

(indeclinable)

जानाति (jānāti) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra knowing Karna's true parentage. (he knows)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present tense, third person singular, active voice

From root 'jñā'.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject is 'rājā'.

माम् (mām) - Refers to Karna (the speaker). (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

Note: Object of 'jānāti'.

राजा (rājā) - Refers to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (the king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'jānāti'.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - Describes King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (righteous-souled, whose nature (dharma) is goodness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous-souled, virtuous, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is goodness

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'dharma' (righteousness, natural law) + 'ātman' (self, soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, virtue, natural law, duty, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'rājā'.

संशितव्रतः (saṁśitavrataḥ) - Describes King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (of firm vows, whose vows are sharpened)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśitavrata

saṁśitavrata - one whose vows are sharpened, firm-vowed, resolute

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'saṃśita' (sharpened, firm) + 'vrata' (vow, resolution).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃśita+vrata)

• saṃśita – sharpened, keen, firm, resolute
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śo/śā (to sharpen) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śā (class 4)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, resolution
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'rājā'.

कुन्त्याः (kuntyāḥ) - Kuntī, the mother of the Pāṇḍavas and Karna. (of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of kuntī

kuntī - name of the mother of the Pāṇḍavas

Note: Indicates possession (mother of).

प्रथमजम् (prathamajam) - Describes Karna. (first-born)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prathamaja

prathamaja - first-born, eldest

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'prathama' (first) + 'ja' (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prathama+ja)

• prathama – first, foremost, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'pra' (foremost).
• ja – born, produced from, son
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'putraṃ'.

पुत्रम् (putram) - Refers to Karna. (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Co-refers with 'mām'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - Refers to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'grahīṣyati'.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - Refers to the kingdom of Hastinapura. (kingdom, sovereignty)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, reign

From 'rājan' (king) + 'ya' suffix.

Note: Direct object of 'grahīṣyati'.

ग्रहीष्यति (grahīṣyati) - he will take, he will seize

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of grah

Future tense, third person singular, active voice

From root 'grah'.

Root: grah (class 9)