महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-255, verse-56

सैन्धवस्तु हतान्दृष्ट्वा तथाश्वान्स्वान्सुदुःखितः ।
दृष्ट्वा विक्रमकर्माणि कुर्वाणं च धनंजयम् ।
पलायनकृतोत्साहः प्राद्रवद्येन वै वनम् ॥५६॥

56. saindhavastu hatāndṛṣṭvā tathāśvānsvānsuduḥkhitaḥ ,
dṛṣṭvā vikramakarmāṇi kurvāṇaṁ ca dhanaṁjayam ,
palāyanakṛtotsāhaḥ prādravadyena vai vanam.

56. saindhavaḥ tu hatān dṛṣṭvā tathā aśvān
svān suduḥkhitaḥ dṛṣṭvā vikramakarmāṇi
kurvāṇam ca dhanaṃjayam
palāyanakṛtotsāhaḥ prādravat yena vai vanam

56. But the Sindhu king (Jayadratha), greatly distressed after seeing his own horses and men killed, and observing Arjuna performing heroic deeds, became intent on escaping and indeed fled towards the forest.

Words meanings summery:

• सैन्धवः (saindhavaḥ) - the Sindhu king (Jayadratha) (the king of Sindhu, relating to Sindhu)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• हतान् (hatān) - his killed men/soldiers (killed ones, slain ones)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, having looked at)

• तथा (tathā) - and (and, thus, in that way)

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• स्वान् (svān) - his own (horses) (his own, belonging to oneself)

• सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - greatly distressed (greatly distressed, very sorrowful)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - observing (having seen, having looked at)

• विक्रमकर्माणि (vikramakarmāṇi) - heroic deeds (heroic deeds, valorous acts)

• कुर्वाणम् (kurvāṇam) - performing (performing, doing, making)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Arjuna (Arjuna (conqueror of wealth))

• पलायनकृतोत्साहः (palāyanakṛtotsāhaḥ) - having become intent on escaping (whose enthusiasm is for fleeing, having made an effort for escape)

• प्राद्रवत् (prādravat) - he fled (he ran forth, he fled)

• येन (yena) - towards where (he fled) (by which, where, by whom)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, verily)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest (forest, wood, grove)

Words meanings and morphology

सैन्धवः (saindhavaḥ) - the Sindhu king (Jayadratha) (the king of Sindhu, relating to Sindhu)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - relating to Sindhu, an inhabitant of Sindhu, king of Sindhu (Jayadratha)

derivative of Sindhu

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

हतान् (hatān) - his killed men/soldiers (killed ones, slain ones)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, having looked at)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - and (and, thus, in that way)

(indeclinable)

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

स्वान् (svān) - his own (horses) (his own, belonging to oneself)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sva

sva - one's own, self, own people, wealth

सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - greatly distressed (greatly distressed, very sorrowful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suduḥkhita

suduḥkhita - very distressed, greatly sorrowful

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duḥkhita)

• su – good, well, very, greatly
  indeclinable
• duḥkhita – distressed, suffering, sorrowful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root duḥkh (to suffer)
  Root: duḥkh (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - observing (having seen, having looked at)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विक्रमकर्माणि (vikramakarmāṇi) - heroic deeds (heroic deeds, valorous acts)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vikramakarman

vikramakarman - heroic deed, valorous act

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vikrama+karman)

• vikrama – valour, heroism, power, strength
  noun (masculine)
• karman – action, deed, work (karma)
  noun (neuter)

कुर्वाणम् (kurvāṇam) - performing (performing, doing, making)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kurvāṇa

kurvāṇa - doing, performing, making

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Arjuna (Arjuna (conqueror of wealth))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - Arjuna (a name meaning 'conqueror of wealth')

पलायनकृतोत्साहः (palāyanakṛtotsāhaḥ) - having become intent on escaping (whose enthusiasm is for fleeing, having made an effort for escape)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of palāyanakṛtotsāha

palāyanakṛtotsāha - one who has made an effort for flight/escape

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (palāyana+kṛta+utsāha)

• palāyana – flight, escape, fleeing
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal noun
  From root ayana (going) with upasarga palā
  Prefix: palā
  Root: i (class 2)
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• utsāha – effort, energy, enthusiasm, zeal
  noun (masculine)

प्राद्रवत् (prādravat) - he fled (he ran forth, he fled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pradrav

Imperfect Tense

3rd singular, active voice

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

येन (yena) - towards where (he fled) (by which, where, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Can function adverbially to mean 'where'

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, verily)

(indeclinable)

वनम् (vanam) - forest (forest, wood, grove)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket