महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-255, verse-43

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
न हन्तव्यो महाबाहो दुरात्मापि स सैन्धवः ।
दुःशलामभिसंस्मृत्य गान्धारीं च यशस्विनीम् ॥४३॥

43. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
na hantavyo mahābāho durātmāpi sa saindhavaḥ ,
duḥśalāmabhisaṁsmṛtya gāndhārīṁ ca yaśasvinīm.

43. Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca na hantavyaḥ mahābāho durātmā api saḥ
saindhavaḥ duḥśalām abhisaṃsmṛtya gāndhārīm ca yaśasvinīm

43. Yudhishthira said: "O mighty-armed one, that king of Sindhu, even if he is wicked, should not be killed. We must remember Dushala and the illustrious Gandhari."

43. יוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה אמר, הו אדיר הזרועות, אין להרוג את איש סִינְדְהוּ ההוא, אף על פי שהוא רשע, מתוך זכר דוּהְשַׁלָה וגָאנְדְהָארִי הנודעת לתהילה.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• हन्तव्यः (hantavyaḥ) - should be killed, fit to be killed

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - Refers to Bhima. (O mighty-armed one)

• दुरात्मा (durātmā) - Refers to Jayadratha. (evil-souled, wicked, villainous)

• अपि (api) - even, also, though

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Jayadratha. (he, that)

• सैन्धवः (saindhavaḥ) - Refers to Jayadratha, Dushala's husband. (a native of Sindhu, king of Sindhu)

• दुःशलाम् (duḥśalām) - Sister of Duryodhana, wife of Jayadratha. (Dushala)

• अभिसंस्मृत्य (abhisaṁsmṛtya) - having remembered thoroughly, remembering well

• गान्धारीम् (gāndhārīm) - Mother of the Kauravas, Dushala's mother, Queen of Dhritarashtra. (Gandhari)

• च (ca) - and, also

• यशस्विनीम् (yaśasvinīm) - Modifies Gandhari. (illustrious, glorious, famous)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Yudhiṣṭhira

Yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (son of Dharma, eldest Pandava)

From yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm, steady). One who is firm in battle.

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हन्तव्यः (hantavyaḥ) - should be killed, fit to be killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hantavya

hantavya - fit to be killed, to be killed

Gerundive

Formed from root han (to kill) + tavya (gerundive suffix)

Root: han (class 2)

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - Refers to Bhima. (O mighty-armed one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - one with mighty arms, mighty-armed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

दुरात्मा (durātmā) - Refers to Jayadratha. (evil-souled, wicked, villainous)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-souled, wicked person, villain

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
  prefix
• ātman – soul, self, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

अपि (api) - even, also, though

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Jayadratha. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सैन्धवः (saindhavaḥ) - Refers to Jayadratha, Dushala's husband. (a native of Sindhu, king of Sindhu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - belonging to Sindhu, king of Sindhu, Jayadratha

Derivative of Sindhu (Sindh region/river)

दुःशलाम् (duḥśalām) - Sister of Duryodhana, wife of Jayadratha. (Dushala)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of duḥśalā

duḥśalā - Dushala (name of Duryodhana's sister)

अभिसंस्मृत्य (abhisaṁsmṛtya) - having remembered thoroughly, remembering well

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root smṛ (to remember) with upasargas abhi and sam

Prefixes: abhi+sam

Root: smṛ (class 1)

गान्धारीम् (gāndhārīm) - Mother of the Kauravas, Dushala's mother, Queen of Dhritarashtra. (Gandhari)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gandhari (name of the queen, mother of Kauravas)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यशस्विनीम् (yaśasvinīm) - Modifies Gandhari. (illustrious, glorious, famous)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yaśasvinī

yaśasvin - illustrious, glorious, famous

Feminine form of yaśasvin

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