महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-255, verse-22

स विनद्य महानादं गजः कङ्कणभूषणः ।
पतन्नवाक्शिरा भूमौ हस्त्यारोहानपोथयत् ॥२२॥

22. sa vinadya mahānādaṁ gajaḥ kaṅkaṇabhūṣaṇaḥ ,
patannavākśirā bhūmau hastyārohānapothayat.

22. saḥ vinadya mahānādam gajaḥ kaṅkaṇabhūṣaṇaḥ
patan avākśirāḥ bhūmau hastyārohān apothayat

22. The elephant, which was adorned with bells, let out a great roar. Then, falling head-first to the ground, it crushed its riders.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• विनद्य (vinadya) - having roared, having cried out

• महानादम् (mahānādam) - a great roar, a loud sound

• गजः (gajaḥ) - elephant

• कङ्कणभूषणः (kaṅkaṇabhūṣaṇaḥ) - adorned with bells/bracelets/anklets

• पतन् (patan) - falling, dropping

• अवाक्शिराः (avākśirāḥ) - head downwards, head-first

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• हस्त्यारोहान् (hastyārohān) - the elephant riders

• अपोथयत् (apothayat) - it crushed, it dashed, it struck down

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विनद्य (vinadya) - having roared, having cried out

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root nad with prefix vi, using -lyap suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: nad (class 1)

महानादम् (mahānādam) - a great roar, a loud sound

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahānāda

mahānāda - a great sound, loud roar

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+nāda)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• nāda – sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nad (class 1)

गजः (gajaḥ) - elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

कङ्कणभूषणः (kaṅkaṇabhūṣaṇaḥ) - adorned with bells/bracelets/anklets

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaṅkaṇabhūṣaṇa

kaṅkaṇabhūṣaṇa - adorned with bracelets or anklets; wearing bells

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kaṅkaṇa+bhūṣaṇa)

• kaṅkaṇa – bracelet, anklet, small bell
  noun (neuter)
• bhūṣaṇa – ornament, adornment, decoration
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

पतन् (patan) - falling, dropping

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patat

patat - falling, dropping, flying

Present Active Participle

Derived from root pat, with -śatṛ suffix

Root: pat (class 1)

अवाक्शिराः (avākśirāḥ) - head downwards, head-first

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avākśiras

avākśiras - having the head downwards, head-first

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (avāk+śiras)

• avāk – downwards, below, turned away
  indeclinable
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

हस्त्यारोहान् (hastyārohān) - the elephant riders

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hastyāroha

hastyāroha - elephant rider, mahout

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (hastin+āroha)

• hastin – elephant (lit. 'having a hand/trunk')
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – rider, mounting
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

अपोथयत् (apothayat) - it crushed, it dashed, it struck down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (laṅ) of pothaya

Causative stem of root puth

Root: puth (class 1)