महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-255, verse-18

त्रिगर्तराजः सुरथस्तस्याथ रथधूर्गतः ।
रथमाक्षेपयामास गजेन गजयानवित् ॥१८॥

18. trigartarājaḥ surathastasyātha rathadhūrgataḥ ,
rathamākṣepayāmāsa gajena gajayānavit.

18. trigartarājaḥ surathaḥ tasya atha rathadhūrgataḥ
ratham ākṣepayāmāsa gajena gajayānavit

18. Then Suratha, the king of Trigarta, who was skilled in elephant riding, being positioned on the chariot-yoke, urged his chariot forward with an elephant against him (Nakula).

Words meanings summery:

• त्रिगर्तराजः (trigartarājaḥ) - Suratha, the king of the Trigarta kingdom (king of Trigarta)

• सुरथः (surathaḥ) - Suratha (the king of Trigarta) (Suratha (proper name))

• तस्य (tasya) - against him (Nakula) (his, of him, of that)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• रथधूर्गतः (rathadhūrgataḥ) - positioned on the chariot-yoke (seated on the chariot pole/yoke)

• रथम् (ratham) - his chariot (chariot)

• आक्षेपयामास (ākṣepayāmāsa) - he urged his chariot forward (he caused to move quickly, he urged on, he assailed)

• गजेन (gajena) - by means of an elephant (by an elephant, with an elephant)

• गजयानवित् (gajayānavit) - skilled in elephant riding (expert in elephant riding/driving)

Words meanings and morphology

त्रिगर्तराजः (trigartarājaḥ) - Suratha, the king of the Trigarta kingdom (king of Trigarta)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of trigartarāja

trigartarāja - king of Trigarta (a country)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (trigarta+rājan)

• trigarta – Name of a country and its people (literally 'three pits/valleys')
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj

सुरथः (surathaḥ) - Suratha (the king of Trigarta) (Suratha (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suratha

suratha - Name of a king/warrior; having a good chariot

तस्य (tasya) - against him (Nakula) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Nakula from the previous verse.

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

रथधूर्गतः (rathadhūrgataḥ) - positioned on the chariot-yoke (seated on the chariot pole/yoke)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathadhūrgata

rathadhūrgata - seated on the chariot pole/yoke

Compound: 'ratha' (chariot) + 'dhūr' (yoke/pole) + 'gata' (gone, seated).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+dhūr+gata)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• dhūr – yoke, pole, burden, office
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'dhūrv' or 'dhṛ'.
  Root: dhūrv
• gata – gone, arrived at, situated in, past
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam' (to go) + 'kta' suffix.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Suratha.

रथम् (ratham) - his chariot (chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Object of 'ākṣepayāmāsa'.

आक्षेपयामास (ākṣepayāmāsa) - he urged his chariot forward (he caused to move quickly, he urged on, he assailed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of ākṣip

Causative Periphrastic Perfect tense

Formed from 'ā' (upasarga) + root 'kṣip' (to throw) + 'ṇij' (causative) + 'āmāsa' (periphrastic perfect ending).

Prefix: ā

Root: kṣip (class 6)

गजेन (gajena) - by means of an elephant (by an elephant, with an elephant)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

गजयानवित् (gajayānavit) - skilled in elephant riding (expert in elephant riding/driving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gajayānavid

gajayānavid - expert in elephant riding/driving

From 'gajayāna' (elephant riding) + 'vid' (knower). 'vid' is irregular n-stem, nominative singular becomes 'vit'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gajayāna+vid)

• gajayāna – elephant riding, journey by elephant
  noun (neuter)
  Compound 'gaja' + 'yāna'.
• vid – knower, learned
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vid' (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to Suratha.