महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-255, verse-33

स तस्मिन्संकुले सैन्ये द्रौपदीमवतार्य वै ।
प्राणप्रेप्सुरुपाधावद्वनं येन नराधमः ॥३३॥

33. sa tasminsaṁkule sainye draupadīmavatārya vai ,
prāṇaprepsurupādhāvadvanaṁ yena narādhamaḥ.

33. sa tasmin saṃkule sainye draupadīm avatārya vai
prāṇaprepsuḥ upādhāvat vanam yena narādhamaḥ

33. That wretch of a man, (Jayadratha,) seeking to save his own life, dismounted Draupadī in that tumultuous army and fled towards the forest.

33. הוא, שפל האדם, הוריד את דְרַאוּפַּדִי בתוך הצבא הצפוף, וכיוון שרצה להציל את חייו רץ אל היער בכל דרך שנקרתה לו.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Jayadratha (he, that)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• संकुले (saṁkule) - in the tumultuous, in the crowded, in the confused

• सैन्ये (sainye) - in the army, in the host

• द्रौपदीम् (draupadīm) - Draupadī

• अवतार्य (avatārya) - having dismounted, having caused to descend

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

• प्राणप्रेप्सुः (prāṇaprepsuḥ) - desirous of life, seeking to save one's life

• उपाधावत् (upādhāvat) - fled towards (ran towards, approached)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest

• येन (yena) - towards which (direction) (by which, in which direction)

• नराधमः (narādhamaḥ) - lowest of men, wretch of a man

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Jayadratha (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Refers to Jayadratha.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with `saṃkule` and `sainye`.

संकुले (saṁkule) - in the tumultuous, in the crowded, in the confused

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkula

saṁkula - crowded, confused, tumultuous, disturbed

Past Passive Participle

From root √kul (to collect, crowd) with prefix `sam-`.

Prefix: sam

Root: kul (class 10)

सैन्ये (sainye) - in the army, in the host

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military

Derived from `senā` (army).

द्रौपदीम् (draupadīm) - Draupadī

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of draupadī

draupadī - daughter of Drupada, Draupadī (wife of Pāṇḍavas, also known as Kṛṣṇā)

Note: Object of `avatārya`.

अवतार्य (avatārya) - having dismounted, having caused to descend

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

From root √tṛ (to cross, pass) in causative with prefix `ava-`.

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis.

प्राणप्रेप्सुः (prāṇaprepsuḥ) - desirous of life, seeking to save one's life

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṇaprepsu

prāṇaprepsu - desirous of breath/life, seeking to save one's life

Desiderative Noun/Adjective

From `prāṇa` (life) and desiderative stem of √āp (to obtain, reach).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+prepsu)

• prāṇa – breath, life, vital air (prāṇa)
  noun (masculine)
  From `pra` + `an` (to breathe).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• prepsu – desirous of obtaining, seeking
  adjective (masculine)
  Desiderative Noun/Adjective
  Desiderative of √āp.
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Predicative adjective for `sa` (Jayadratha).

उपाधावत् (upādhāvat) - fled towards (ran towards, approached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dhāv

imperfect past active

1st conjugation, Paras. With prefix `upa-ā-`. Formed from `upa-ā-dhāv` + `at` (3rd singular ending).

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: dhāv (class 1)

वनम् (vanam) - forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Root: van

Note: Object of motion for `upādhāvat`.

येन (yena) - towards which (direction) (by which, in which direction)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Refers to the path to the forest.

नराधमः (narādhamaḥ) - lowest of men, wretch of a man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhama

narādhama - lowest of men, vile man, wretch

Compound of `nara` (man) and `adhama` (lowest).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhama)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• adhama – lowest, vilest, worst
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of `adha` (below).

Note: Refers to `sa` (Jayadratha).

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