महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-255, verse-33

स तस्मिन्संकुले सैन्ये द्रौपदीमवतार्य वै ।
प्राणप्रेप्सुरुपाधावद्वनं येन नराधमः ॥३३॥

33. sa tasminsaṁkule sainye draupadīmavatārya vai ,
prāṇaprepsurupādhāvadvanaṁ yena narādhamaḥ.

33. sa tasmin saṃkule sainye draupadīm avatārya vai
prāṇaprepsuḥ upādhāvat vanam yena narādhamaḥ

33. That wretch of a man, (Jayadratha,) seeking to save his own life, dismounted Draupadī in that tumultuous army and fled towards the forest.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Jayadratha (he, that)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• संकुले (saṁkule) - in the tumultuous, in the crowded, in the confused

• सैन्ये (sainye) - in the army, in the host

• द्रौपदीम् (draupadīm) - Draupadī

• अवतार्य (avatārya) - having dismounted, having caused to descend

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

• प्राणप्रेप्सुः (prāṇaprepsuḥ) - desirous of life, seeking to save one's life

• उपाधावत् (upādhāvat) - fled towards (ran towards, approached)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest

• येन (yena) - towards which (direction) (by which, in which direction)

• नराधमः (narādhamaḥ) - lowest of men, wretch of a man

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Jayadratha (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Refers to Jayadratha.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with `saṃkule` and `sainye`.

संकुले (saṁkule) - in the tumultuous, in the crowded, in the confused

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkula

saṁkula - crowded, confused, tumultuous, disturbed

Past Passive Participle

From root √kul (to collect, crowd) with prefix `sam-`.

Prefix: sam

Root: kul (class 10)

सैन्ये (sainye) - in the army, in the host

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military

Derived from `senā` (army).

द्रौपदीम् (draupadīm) - Draupadī

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of draupadī

draupadī - daughter of Drupada, Draupadī (wife of Pāṇḍavas, also known as Kṛṣṇā)

Note: Object of `avatārya`.

अवतार्य (avatārya) - having dismounted, having caused to descend

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

From root √tṛ (to cross, pass) in causative with prefix `ava-`.

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis.

प्राणप्रेप्सुः (prāṇaprepsuḥ) - desirous of life, seeking to save one's life

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṇaprepsu

prāṇaprepsu - desirous of breath/life, seeking to save one's life

Desiderative Noun/Adjective

From `prāṇa` (life) and desiderative stem of √āp (to obtain, reach).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+prepsu)

• prāṇa – breath, life, vital air (prāṇa)
  noun (masculine)
  From `pra` + `an` (to breathe).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• prepsu – desirous of obtaining, seeking
  adjective (masculine)
  Desiderative Noun/Adjective
  Desiderative of √āp.
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Predicative adjective for `sa` (Jayadratha).

उपाधावत् (upādhāvat) - fled towards (ran towards, approached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dhāv

imperfect past active

1st conjugation, Paras. With prefix `upa-ā-`. Formed from `upa-ā-dhāv` + `at` (3rd singular ending).

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: dhāv (class 1)

वनम् (vanam) - forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Root: van

Note: Object of motion for `upādhāvat`.

येन (yena) - towards which (direction) (by which, in which direction)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Refers to the path to the forest.

नराधमः (narādhamaḥ) - lowest of men, wretch of a man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhama

narādhama - lowest of men, vile man, wretch

Compound of `nara` (man) and `adhama` (lowest).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhama)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• adhama – lowest, vilest, worst
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of `adha` (below).

Note: Refers to `sa` (Jayadratha).