महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-255, verse-13

तमभ्याशगतं राजा पदातिं कुन्तिनन्दनः ।
अर्धचन्द्रेण बाणेन विव्याधोरसि धर्मराट् ॥१३॥

13. tamabhyāśagataṁ rājā padātiṁ kuntinandanaḥ ,
ardhacandreṇa bāṇena vivyādhorasi dharmarāṭ.

13. tam abhyāśa-gatam rājā padātim kunti-nandanaḥ
ardha-candreṇa bāṇena vivyādha urasi dharma-rāṭ

13. King Yudhishthira, the son of Kunti (Kuntīnandana) and upholder of natural law (dharmarāṭ), pierced that warrior, who had approached on foot, in the chest with a crescent-shaped arrow.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to the Trigarta warrior) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• अभ्याश-गतम् (abhyāśa-gatam) - who had approached (one who has come near, approached)

• राजा (rājā) - King (Yudhishthira) (king)

• पदातिम् (padātim) - on foot (infantryman, one on foot)

• कुन्ति-नन्दनः (kunti-nandanaḥ) - son of Kunti (Yudhishthira) (son of Kunti)

• अर्ध-चन्द्रेण (ardha-candreṇa) - with a crescent-shaped (with a half-moon, with a crescent)

• बाणेन (bāṇena) - with an arrow (by arrow, with an arrow)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (pierced, struck, wounded)

• उरसि (urasi) - in the chest (in the chest, on the breast)

• धर्म-राट् (dharma-rāṭ) - upholder of natural law (dharmarāṭ) (king of dharma (natural law), righteous king)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to the Trigarta warrior) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Direct object, refers to the Trigarta warrior.

अभ्याश-गतम् (abhyāśa-gatam) - who had approached (one who has come near, approached)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhyāśa-gata

abhyāśa-gata - come near, approached

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'abhyāśa' (nearness) and 'gata' (gone), acting as past passive participle.

Compound type : tatpurusha (abhyāśa+gata)

• abhyāśa – nearness, vicinity
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, arrived, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of √gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' and 'padātim'.

राजा (rājā) - King (Yudhishthira) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of 'vivyādha'.

पदातिम् (padātim) - on foot (infantryman, one on foot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of padātin

padātin - one on foot, infantryman

Note: Qualifies 'tam'.

कुन्ति-नन्दनः (kunti-nandanaḥ) - son of Kunti (Yudhishthira) (son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kunti-nandana

kunti-nandana - son of Kunti

Compound type : tatpurusha (kunti+nandana)

• kunti – Kunti (mother of Pandavas)
  proper noun (feminine)
• nandana – son, delighting
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from √nand (to rejoice).
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Appositional to 'rājā' and 'dharmarāṭ'.

अर्ध-चन्द्रेण (ardha-candreṇa) - with a crescent-shaped (with a half-moon, with a crescent)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ardha-candra

ardha-candra - half-moon, crescent

Compound type : karmadharaya (ardha+candra)

• ardha – half
  noun
• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇena'.

बाणेन (bāṇena) - with an arrow (by arrow, with an arrow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Instrument of action for 'vivyādha'.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (pierced, struck, wounded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vivyādha

Perfect active

Perfect tense (lit) 3rd person singular active of √vyadh (to pierce). The root is 'vyadh', but the perfect form often shows reduplication.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

उरसि (urasi) - in the chest (in the chest, on the breast)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of uras

uras - chest, breast

Note: Indicates location of piercing.

धर्म-राट् (dharma-rāṭ) - upholder of natural law (dharmarāṭ) (king of dharma (natural law), righteous king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma-rājan

dharma-rājan - king of natural law (dharma), righteous king

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositional to 'rājā' and 'kuntī-nandanaḥ'.