महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-255, verse-37

अर्जुन उवाच ।
यस्यापचारात्प्राप्तोऽयमस्मान्क्लेशो दुरासदः ।
तमस्मिन्समरोद्देशे न पश्यामि जयद्रथम् ॥३७॥

37. arjuna uvāca ,
yasyāpacārātprāpto'yamasmānkleśo durāsadaḥ ,
tamasminsamaroddeśe na paśyāmi jayadratham.

37. arjuna uvāca yasya apacārāt prāptaḥ ayam asmān kleśaḥ
durāsadaḥ tam asmin samaroddeśe na paśyāmi jayadratham

37. Arjuna said: "I do not see Jayadratha in this area of the battlefield, due to whose offense this formidable and difficult distress has come upon us."

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• अपचारात् (apacārāt) - due to the offense, from the misconduct, from the fault

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained, reached, fallen upon, befallen

• अयम् (ayam) - this (one)

• अस्मान् (asmān) - us

• क्लेशः (kleśaḥ) - trouble, distress, suffering

• दुरासदः (durāsadaḥ) - difficult to overcome, formidable, unattainable

• तम् (tam) - him, that (one)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• समरोद्देशे (samaroddeśe) - in the battlefield, in the scene of battle, in this part of the battle

• न (na) - not, no

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see

• जयद्रथम् (jayadratham) - Jayadratha

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince), white, clear

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect (liṭ) 3rd singular

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: 'Arjuna uvāca' is a standard introductory phrase.

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to Jayadratha

अपचारात् (apacārāt) - due to the offense, from the misconduct, from the fault

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of apacāra

apacāra - offense, misconduct, fault, transgression

from root car (to move) with upasarga apa

Prefix: apa

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained, reached, fallen upon, befallen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, arrived, fallen upon

Past Passive Participle

from root āp (to obtain) with upasarga pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'kleśaḥ'

अयम् (ayam) - this (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Qualifies 'kleśaḥ'

अस्मान् (asmān) - us

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Note: Object to which the 'kleśaḥ' befalls

क्लेशः (kleśaḥ) - trouble, distress, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kleśa

kleśa - trouble, distress, suffering, affliction

from root kliś (to suffer)

Root: kliś (class 9)

Note: Subject of the clause 'prāpto 'yam ... kleśaḥ durāsadaḥ'

दुरासदः (durāsadaḥ) - difficult to overcome, formidable, unattainable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durāsada

durāsada - difficult to approach, difficult to overcome, formidable, unassailable

Gerundive (karmaṇi)

from root sad (to sit) with upasarga ā and prefix dur (difficult)

Prefixes: dur+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kleśaḥ'

तम् (tam) - him, that (one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Refers to Jayadratha

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Qualifies 'samaroddeśe'

समरोद्देशे (samaroddeśe) - in the battlefield, in the scene of battle, in this part of the battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samaroddeśa

samaroddeśa - battlefield, scene of battle, locality of battle

Compound type : tatpurusha (samara+uddeśa)

• samara – battle, conflict, war
  noun (masculine)
  From sam + ṛ (to go), or sam + mṛ (to die).
  Prefixes: sam+ṛ
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• uddeśa – place, region, designation, indication
  noun (masculine)
  from root diś (to point, direct) with upasarga ud
  Prefix: ud
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Location for 'paśyāmi'

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'paśyāmi'

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Indicative 1st singular

from root dṛś (class 1) with vi-karaṇa ya (paśya)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject is implicit 'I' (Arjuna)

जयद्रथम् (jayadratham) - Jayadratha

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jayadratha

jayadratha - Jayadratha (name of a king)

lit. 'chariot of victory'

Compound type : tatpurusha (jaya+ratha)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'paśyāmi'