महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-255, verse-37

अर्जुन उवाच ।
यस्यापचारात्प्राप्तोऽयमस्मान्क्लेशो दुरासदः ।
तमस्मिन्समरोद्देशे न पश्यामि जयद्रथम् ॥३७॥

37. arjuna uvāca ,
yasyāpacārātprāpto'yamasmānkleśo durāsadaḥ ,
tamasminsamaroddeśe na paśyāmi jayadratham.

37. arjuna uvāca yasya apacārāt prāptaḥ ayam asmān kleśaḥ
durāsadaḥ tam asmin samaroddeśe na paśyāmi jayadratham

37. Arjuna said: "I do not see Jayadratha in this area of the battlefield, due to whose offense this formidable and difficult distress has come upon us."

37. אַרְג׳וּנַה אמר, ג׳ַיַדְרַתְהַא, אשר בגלל מעשהו הרע בא עלינו הסבל הקשה הזה, איני רואה אותו באזור הקרב הזה.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• अपचारात् (apacārāt) - due to the offense, from the misconduct, from the fault

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained, reached, fallen upon, befallen

• अयम् (ayam) - this (one)

• अस्मान् (asmān) - us

• क्लेशः (kleśaḥ) - trouble, distress, suffering

• दुरासदः (durāsadaḥ) - difficult to overcome, formidable, unattainable

• तम् (tam) - him, that (one)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• समरोद्देशे (samaroddeśe) - in the battlefield, in the scene of battle, in this part of the battle

• न (na) - not, no

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see

• जयद्रथम् (jayadratham) - Jayadratha

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince), white, clear

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect (liṭ) 3rd singular

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: 'Arjuna uvāca' is a standard introductory phrase.

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to Jayadratha

अपचारात् (apacārāt) - due to the offense, from the misconduct, from the fault

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of apacāra

apacāra - offense, misconduct, fault, transgression

from root car (to move) with upasarga apa

Prefix: apa

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained, reached, fallen upon, befallen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, arrived, fallen upon

Past Passive Participle

from root āp (to obtain) with upasarga pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'kleśaḥ'

अयम् (ayam) - this (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Qualifies 'kleśaḥ'

अस्मान् (asmān) - us

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Note: Object to which the 'kleśaḥ' befalls

क्लेशः (kleśaḥ) - trouble, distress, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kleśa

kleśa - trouble, distress, suffering, affliction

from root kliś (to suffer)

Root: kliś (class 9)

Note: Subject of the clause 'prāpto 'yam ... kleśaḥ durāsadaḥ'

दुरासदः (durāsadaḥ) - difficult to overcome, formidable, unattainable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durāsada

durāsada - difficult to approach, difficult to overcome, formidable, unassailable

Gerundive (karmaṇi)

from root sad (to sit) with upasarga ā and prefix dur (difficult)

Prefixes: dur+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kleśaḥ'

तम् (tam) - him, that (one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Refers to Jayadratha

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Qualifies 'samaroddeśe'

समरोद्देशे (samaroddeśe) - in the battlefield, in the scene of battle, in this part of the battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samaroddeśa

samaroddeśa - battlefield, scene of battle, locality of battle

Compound type : tatpurusha (samara+uddeśa)

• samara – battle, conflict, war
  noun (masculine)
  From sam + ṛ (to go), or sam + mṛ (to die).
  Prefixes: sam+ṛ
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• uddeśa – place, region, designation, indication
  noun (masculine)
  from root diś (to point, direct) with upasarga ud
  Prefix: ud
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Location for 'paśyāmi'

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'paśyāmi'

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Indicative 1st singular

from root dṛś (class 1) with vi-karaṇa ya (paśya)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject is implicit 'I' (Arjuna)

जयद्रथम् (jayadratham) - Jayadratha

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jayadratha

jayadratha - Jayadratha (name of a king)

lit. 'chariot of victory'

Compound type : tatpurusha (jaya+ratha)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'paśyāmi'

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